IELTS GT books with Bengali translation

MD MAJEDUL ISLAM NIAZI

SHAWON

M.S.S in ECONOMICES

CERTIFIED IELTS TRAINER

EX-HEAD FUTURE EDUCATION,CONCEPT EDUCATION MOULVIBAZAR

IELTS TRAINER HEXA’S EDUCATION

CELL:01310-615827

MAIL: [email protected]

FIRST EDITION :2021

Published by :

Printed by :

Price : 300/=

INDEX

TEST 1	4
TEST 2	25
TEST 3	47
TEST 4	69
MODEL QUESTION 1	91
MODEL QUESTION 2	106

MOST COMMON VOCUBULARY FOR GT PAGE 21,43,65,87

IELTS GENERAL TRAINING PASSAGE PLANNING

1.মোট passage সংখ্যা ৫ টি ।

2.প্রথম ৪ টি passage একই ধরনের প্রায় ৭ টি করে প্রশ্ন থাকবে ।

3.৫ম passage এ প্রশ্ন রয়েছে ১৩ বা ১৪ টি ।

4..১ম এবং ২য় passage এর প্রশ্ন সমূহ বা ১ থেকে ১৪ পর্যন্ত কিছুটা সহজ হয়ে থাকে ।

5.৩য় এবং চার নং passage একটু কঠিন হয়ে থাকে ।

৬ একটু কঠিন বা Academic task এর মত হয়ে থাকে ৫ম passage টি ।

বিদ্রঃ সর্বাত্বক চেস্টা করতে হবে ১ থেকে ২৭ এই প্রথম ৪ টি passage এ মার্কস তোলার চেস্টা করবেন ।

READING

SECTION 1 Questions 1-14

Read the text below and answer Questions 1-7.

Smoke alarms in the home

Smoke alarms are now a standard feature in Australian homes and are required by the National Building Code in any recently built properties. They are installed to detect the presence of smoke and emit a clear sound to alert you in the event of fire to give you time to escape.

There are two principal types of smoke alarms. Ionization alarms are the cheapest and most readily available smoke alarms. They are also very sensitive to ‘flaming fires’ – fires that burn fiercely – and will detect them before the smoke gets too thick. However, photoelectric alarms are more effective at detecting slow-burning fires. They are less likely to go off accidentally and so are best for homes with one floor. For the best protection, you should install one of each.

Most battery-powered smoke alarms can be installed by the home owner and do not require professional installation. For the installation of hard-wired smoke alarms, powered from the mains electricity supply, however, you will need the services of a licensed professional. Smoke alarms are usually most effective when located on the ceiling, near or in the middle of the room or hall.

Photoelectric smoke alarms in any quantity may be disposed of in domestic waste. If you have fewer than ten ionization alarms to get rid of, you may put them in your domestic waste. If you have more than ten to dispose of, you should contact your local council

Your battery-powered smoke alarm will produce a short beep every 60 second to alert you when the battery is running out and needs replacing. Nevertheless, it should be tested every month to ensure that the battery and the alarm sounder are working. Note that the sensitivity in all smoke alarms will reduce over time.

Reading

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text on page 104?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

All new houses in Australia must have smoke alarms.
Photoelectric smoke alarms cost less than ionization smoke alarms.
It takes a short time to fit most smoke alarms.
Any hard-wired smoke alarm must be fitted by a specialist technician
You should get in touch with your local council before placing any ionisation smoke alarms in household rubbish.
Smoke alarms give a warning sound to indicate that battery power is low.
Old smoke alarms need to be checked more than once a month.

Read the text below and answer Questions 8-14.

Sydney Opera House Tours

E Takes place: Daily at 7am

Prices: $155. No concessions.

To purchase: Bookings are essential.

Limited to 8 people per tour.

Online sales expire at 4.30pm two days prior .

Notes :

The tour includes up to 300 steps. Flat, rubber-soled shoes must be worn. For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted.

F Opera High Tea consists of a tour where you will walk in the footsteps of world- class singers, dancers and musicians, followed by fine food and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong Dining Room. What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks followed by a live recital by a leading Australian singer? An unforgettable treat for young and old!

G Takes place: Every second Wednesday, 2pm

Duration: 1.5 hours

Prices: $145 per person

Book online or visit the Guided Tours Desk .

We offer three different tours of this iconic building.

A The Essential Tour brings to life the story behind the design and construction of one Concessions. of the world’s most famous landmarks. Using interactive audio-visual technology, your guide will take you on a memorable journey inside

the youngest building ever to be World Heritage listed.

B Afterwards, why not stay around and eat at

the Studio Café, with its modern

Australian menu? Not only can you enjoy

the best views in Sydney, you can claim a

20% reduction on the total cost of your meal.

(Don’t forget to show your ticket in order to claim your

discount.)

C Languages: English, French, German

Takes place : Daily between 9am and 5pm

Prices: Adults $35 / Online $29.75

Concessions: Australian seniors and Pensioners; students and children of 16 and under $24.50.

Prior bookings are not essential.

D The Backstage Tour gives you backstage access to the Sydney Opera House. It is a unique opportunity to experience the real-life dramas behind the stage! You might even get to stand on the concert hall take up a conductor’s baton in the Desk orchestra pit and imagine you are leading the performance. You will also get to see inside the stars’ dressing rooms. The tour concludes with a complimentary breakfast in the Green Room, the private dining area of performers past and present.

Reading

Questions 8-14

The text on page 106 has seven sections A-G. Which section mentions the following?

Write the correct letter A-G in boxes &-14 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

discounts available to younger visitors
the need for suitable footwear
the opportunity to pretend you are taking part in a concert
a restriction on the number of participants
a reduction that applies to purchases using the internet
the need to book your ticket in advance
the length of one of the tours

Question 1-7 TRUE/FALSE /NOT GIVEN

1.Ans,TRUE,answer location,1^st paragraph ,lines 2-3,Smoke alarms ……..in Australia homes and are required by the National Building code in any recently properties .So,the lines clearly indicate that all recent properties must have smoke alarms according to the code or law .ব্যাখা,অস্ট্রেলিয়ার আইন অনুসারে সব বাড়িতে smoke alarms থাকতে হবে ,বাধ্যতামূলক ।

2.Ans,FALSE ,answer location,second paragraph ,lines 1-2,there are two principle types of smoke alarms ionization alarms are the cheapest ………(lines 5) so ,the given statement contradicts with the information in the passage .ব্যাখা,সবচেয়ে কমদামী smoke alarms হল ionization alarms ,photoelectric নয় ।

3.Ans,NOT GIVEN ,answer location,paragraph no 3 ,how to install different smoke alarms by home owners.But it does not discuss how much time it needs to install smoke alarms.ব্যাখা,এই বিষয়ে কোন আলোচনা করা হয়নি ।

4.Ans,TRUE,paragraph no 3 ,lines 2-4,for the installation of hard –wired smoke alarms ,powered from the main electricity supply.However,you will need the services of a licensed professional .This means hard-wired smoke alarms must be installed by an expert technician .ব্যাখা,দক্ষ টেকনিশিয়ান দ্বারা installed করতে হবে ।

5. Ans,FALSE,answer location ,paragraph no 4,lines 2-3,If you have fewer than ten ionization alarms to get rid of ,you may put them in your domestic waste.If you have more than ten depose of,you shpuld contract your local council.These lines suggest that when disposing of more than ten ionization alarms contracting the local council is necessary .But in the statement ,it says any ionization alarm ,ব্যাখা ,আপনাকে অবশ্যই local council এর সাথে যোগাযোগ করতে হবে না ,কিন্তু যদি ১০ এর অধিক হলে local council এর প্রয়োজন smoke alarms dispose করার জন্য ।

6. Ans,TRUE,answer location,paragraph no 5,liones 1-2,your battery powered smoke alarm will produce a short beep every 60 second to alert you when the battery is running out and needs replacing .ব্যাখা,যখন battery power যখন কমে যাবে তখন এক ধরনের short beep প্রদান করবে ।

7. Ans,NOT GIVEN,answer location ,there is no information on this .এই বিষয় নিয়ে কিছুই আলোচনা করা হয়নি ।

Question 8-14

The headline of the passage ; Sydney Opera House Tours

Question 8-14 (identifying information )

8.Ans,C,in section C,lines 4,Concessions Australian senior and pensioners ;student and children of 16 and under ,24.50 dollars .ব্যাখা , বিশেষ ছাড় রয়েছে younger visitor দের জন্য ।

9.Ans,E,in section E, Flat rubber soled shoes must be worn .ব্যাখা,অবশ্যই উপযুক্ত জুতা পড়তে হবে ।

10.Ans,D,in section D,lines,5-8,you might even get to stand on the concert hall stage ,take up a conductor’s baton in the orchestra pit and imagine you are leading the performance .ব্যাখা ,মনে করুণ নিজেকে কনসার্ট এ রয়েছেন ।

11.Ans,E,in section E,To purchase ;bookings are essential ,limited to 8 people per hour .ব্যাখা,প্রত্যেক ট্রুর এর ক্ষেত্র্ব্বে মাত্র কয়েকজন অংশ গ্রহন করতে পারবে ।

12.Ans,C,in section C,we find a price structure

Price Adult $35/online $29.75 ,ব্যাখা,যদি কেউ ইন্টারনেট ব্যবহার করে ক্রয় করে সে ক্ষেত্রে বিশেষ ছাড় রয়েছে ।

13. Ans,E,in section E,Online sales at 430 pm two days prior ,ব্যাখা,আপনার টিকেট অবশ্যই আগে বুকিং দিতে হবে ।

14.Ans,G,in section G, Duration :1.5 hours ,ব্যাখা ,এই প্যারাগ্রাফ এ ট্রুর এর length এর কথা বলা হয়েছে ।

SECTION 2 Questions 15–27

Read the text below and answer Questions 15–21.

USING DIRECT MAIL TO SELL YOUR PRODUCT

When you have set up your own business, you must, of course, start selling your goods or services. One way is by using dire email — in other words, sending a sales letter (or email) directly to companies that might want to do business with you.

One important factor is your mailing list – that is, who you contact. You can build this up from your own market research, existing clients and advertising responses, or you can contact list brokers and rent or buy a compiled list. If you are contacting a business, it is important to address the letter to the decision maker, ideally by name or at least by job title.

While the desirability and price of the product on offer will obviously influence sales, you also need to gain the maximum impact from your sales letter. To achieve that, bear the following points in mind:

You have no more than two seconds from when the reader starts the letter to convince them to continue. If you fail, they will throw it away. The opening is crucial to attract their attention. And so that they don’t lose interest, avoid having too much text.
Try to send each mailing in a white envelope. It might be cheaper to use a brown envelope but it doesn’t make for such good presentation.
Include a brochure. Depending on the volume and on whether you can afford the cost, try to use at least two-colour printing for this. If practicable, it may be worth enclosing a free sample – this is a much greater incentive than photographs.
However interested your potential clients are in buying, they will only do so if it can be done easily. So, include an order form (and of course details of how to return it) with your letter
When you receive your replies, assess your response rate and monitor the sales. If necessary, the sales letter can then be amended to attract other clients on subsequent mail shots, make sure each different letter is coded so that monitoring is easy and effective.
Ensure that each reply is dealt with quickly and professionally. If further details are requested, these must be sent out promptly. There is no point in encouraging potential customers to contact you if your service is slow or non-existent.

Reading

Questions 15-21

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 15–21 on your answer sheet.

Sales letters should be sent to the………………………….. in a company.
Your letter should make as much……………………………. as possible.
The reader’s attention needs to be caught by the……………………… of your letter
Letters should be sent in a…………………………………..
It is best to print the …………………………….in two or more colours .
Consider sending a ………………………….as this is more effective than a picture.
You should calculate the …………………..to your letter.

General Training Reading and Writing

Road the text below and answer Questions 22–27.

IFCES, the International Federation of Chemical Engineering Societies

Job Specification: Communications Manager

Contract : Permanent (with 3-month probationary period)

Reports to: Chief Executive

Hours: 9:15am – 5:30pm with 1 hour for lunch

Holidays: 23 days per annum + statutory public holidays.

Job Summary

To raise the international profile of IFCES. To communicate our objectives, programmes and services to members, the chemical engineering community, the media and the wider public.

Key Responsibilities Employee Specification

Develop and implement a programme of communications to member associations, the chemical engineering industry, sponsors and the media
Plan and implement marketing strategies for all IFCES programmes including the World Chemical Engineering Congress
Write and edit copy for publications intended external use including Chemical quality Monthly
work with design agencies web developers and other external contractors to produce high quality corporate and marketing materials
Research, write and distribute news releases as required, often at short notice and under pressure
Deal with media enquiries and interview requests. Ensure that good relationships with both mainstream and chemical engineering media are developed and maintained .
Assist in the production of presentations and speeches for board members
Ensure website content is up to date and consistent
Develop a consistent corporate identity and ensure its application by all member and partner organisations
Carry out specific duties and projects as directed from time to time

Essential

Degree (any discipline)
Minimum 4 years’ experience in a communications role
Excellent copy writing skills with strong attention to detail, a keen sense of audience and an ability tailor writing to its particular purpose
Demonstrable track record of producing high corporate publication and marketing materials .
Excellent interpersonal and organisational skills
Sound IT skills, including working knowledge of Microsoft Office applications
Willingness to travel internationally

Desirable

Recognised post-graduate qualification in public relations / journalism / marketing communications
Knowledge of the global chemical engineering industry and the production of new materials in particular
Understanding of the concerns surrounding sustainability in chemical engineering
Ability to speak a foreign language

Questions 22-27

Complete the notes below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet

Position: Communications Manager

Summary of role: to improve IFCES’s 22………………………….. around the world

Responsibilities include:

writing for a number of 23………………….. produced for both IFCES and a wider readership
producing news releases quickly when necessary
making sure the 24……………………… contains current information.

Employee specification (essential) includes:

high level skill in writing appropriately

for the 25………….. to read
to achieve a specific 26………..
good IT skills.

Employee specification (desirable) includes:

level relevant qualification at a 27……………level
awareness of issues of sustainability in relation to the industry
knowledge of a foreign language.

Section 2

Question 15-27

15.Ans,decision maker ,answer location,paragraph no 2 ,line 4 ,It is important to address the letter to the decision maker ,ব্যাখা,এটা গুরুত্বপূর্ন ,যে sales letter টা কোম্পানি এর decision maker এর কাছে পাটানো।address the letter to এর পরিবর্তে sent to হবে ।

16.Ans,impact ,answer location ,paragraph no 3,lines 2 ,you also need to gain the maximum impact from your sales letter.ব্যাখা,need to gain maximum বা as mach as একই অর্থ বহন করে ।যতেস্ট প্রভাব পড়তে হবে sales letter এর মাধ্যমে ।

17.Ans,opening ,answer location,paragraph 4 ,lines 2 and 3,the opening is crucial to attract their attention .ব্যাখা,crucial to attract their attention বা attention needs to be caught একই অর্থ বহন করে। reader দের attention পাওয়ার জন্য opening খুব বেশি attractive করতে হবে ।

18.Ans,white envelope , answer location,paragraph 5,lines 1,Try to send each mailing in a white envelope.ব্যাখা,try to send or should be sent একই ধরনের অর্থ । চিটি সাদা খামে প্রেরন করতে হবে ।

19.Ans,brochure , answer location,paragraph 6,lines 1-2 ,Include a brochure .Depending on the volume and on whether you can afford cost ,try to use at least two –colour printing for this .This means the brochure should be printed in two or more colours.ব্যাখা নূন্যতম দুটি কালার ব্যবহার করা উওম brochure এ ।

20.Ans,(free )sample ,answer location,paragraph no 6,lines 3,it may be worth enclosing a free sample –this is a much greater incentive than photographs .ব্যাখা,picture or photographs similar ,ছবি থেকে সবচেয়ে কার্যকরী হয় free sample পাঠানো ।

21.Ans,response rate ,answer location,paragraph no 8,when you receive your replies ,assess your response rate and monitor the sales .ব্যাখা,asses or calculate ,যখন আপনি উওর পেয়ে যাবেন তখন response rate খেয়াল করুন ।

Question 22-27;

The headline of the passage : Job specification manager

Question 22-27(completing notes with no more than two words )

22.Ans,profile ,answer location,in the job summary section,1^st lines,To raise the international profile of IFCES.ব্যাখা ,to raise or to improve একই অর্থ ,IFCES’s এর জন্য ইন্টারন্যাশনাল মান বৃদ্বি করতে হবে ।

23.Ans,publications,answer location,key responsibilities section,bullet point no 3,write and edit copy for publications intended for internal and external use.ব্যাখা,লিখা এবং কপি করার উদ্দেশ্য হচ্ছে publication এর মাধ্যমে internal এবং external ব্যবহার করার জন্য ।

24.Ans,website,answer location,key responsibilities section,bullet point no 8,Ensure website content is up to date and consistent .ব্যাখা ,নিশ্চিত করুন website টি up to date এবং এটি মিল রয়েছে ।

25.Ans,Audience ,answer location,Employee specification Essential section,bullet point 3, Excellent copy writing skills with strong attention to detail ,a keen sense of audience .ব্যাখা, Audience দের মনযোগ আকর্ষন এর জন্য চমৎকার লেখার দক্ষতার প্রয়োজন ।

26.Ans,purpose,answer location, Employee specification Essential section,bullet point 3, Excellent copy writing skills with strong attention to detail ,a keen sense of audience and an ability to tailor writing to its particular purpose .ব্যাখা,এখানে পরিচন্ন writing এর জন্য বিশেষ দক্ষতার প্রয়োজন ।

27.Ans,post –graduate,answer location,Employee specification (Desirable)section,1^st lines,recognised post –graduate qualification in public relation/journalism/marketing communication .ব্যাখা,যোগ্যতা হিসেবে ঐ নির্দিস্ট বিষয় এর উপরে post graduation সম্পন্ন করতে হবে ।

SECTION 3 Questions 28–40

Read the text on pages 112 and 113 and answer Questions 28–40.

KAURI GUM –

a piece of New Zealand’s history

The kauri tree is a massive forest tree native to New Zealand. Kauri once formed vast forests over much of the north of the country. Whereas now it is the wood of the kauri which is an important natural resource, in the past it was the tree’s sap (the thick liquid which flows inside a tree which, when hardened into gum, played an important role in New Zealand’s early history.

After running from rips or tears in the bark of trees, the sap hardens to form the lumps of gum which eventually fall to the ground and are buried under layers of forest litter. The bark often splits where branches fork from the trunk, and gum accumulates there also.

The early European settlers in New Zealand collected and sold the gum. Gum fresh from the tree was soft and of low value but most of the gum which was harvested had been buried for thousands of years. This gum came in a bewildering variety of colours, degree of transparency and hardness, depending on the length and location of burial, as well as the health of the original tree and the area of the bleeding. Highest quality gum was hard and bright and was usually found at shallow depth on the hills. Lowest quality gum was soft, black or chalky and sugary and was usually found buried in swamps, where it had been in contact with water for a long time. Long periods in the sun or bush fires could transform dull, cloudy lumps into higher quality transparent gum.

Virtually all kauri gum was found in the regions of New Zealand where kauri forests grow today – from the middle of the North Island northwards. In Maori and early European times up until 1850, most gum collected was simply picked up from the ground, but, after that, the majority was recovered by digging.

The original inhabitants of New Zealand, the Maori, had experimented with kauri gum well before Europeans arrived at the beginning of the nineteenth century. They called it kapia, and found it of considerable use.

Fresh gum from trees was prized for its chewing quality, as was buried gum when softened in water and mixed with the juice of a local plant. A piece of gum was often passed around from mouth to mouth when people gathered together until it was all gone, or when they tired of chewing, it was laid aside for future use.

Kauri gum burns readily and was used by Maori people to light fires. Sometimes it was bound in grass, ignited and used as a torch by night fishermen to attract fish.

The first kauri gum to be exported from New Zealand was part of a cargo taken back to Australia and England by two early expeditions in 1814 and 1815. By the 1860s, kauri gum’s reputation was well established in the overseas markets and European immigrants were joining the Maoris in collecting gum on the hills of northern New Zealand. As the surface gum became more scarce, spades were used to dig up the buried ‘treasure! The increasing number of diggers resulted in rapid growth of the kauri gum exports from 1,000 tons in 1860 to a maximum of over 10,000 tons in 1900.

For fifty years from about 1870 to 1920, the kauri gum industry was a major source of income for settlers in northern New Zealand. As these would-be farmers struggled to break in the land, many turned to gum-digging to earn enough money to support their families and pay for improvement to their farms until better times arrived. By the 1890s, there were 20,000 people engaged in gum-digging. Although many of these, such as farmers, women and children, were only part-time diggers, nearly 7,000 were full-timers. During times of economic difficulty, gum-digging was the only job available where the unemployed from many walks of life could earn a living, if they were prepared to work.

The first major commercial use of kauri gum was in the manufacture of high-grade furniture varnish, a kind of clear paint used to treat wood. The best and purest gum that was exported prior to 1910 was used in this way. Kauri gum was used in 70% of the oil varnishes being manufactured in England in the 1890s. It was favoured ahead of other gums because it was easier to process at lower temperatures. The cooler the process could be kept the better, as it meant a paler varnish could be produced.

About 1910, kauri gum was found to be a very suitable ingredient in the production of some kinds of floor coverings such as linoleum. In this way, a use was found for the vast quantities of poorer quality and less pure gum, that had up till then been discarded as waste. Kauri gum’s importance in the manufacture of varnish and linoleum was displaced by synthetic alternatives in the 1930s.

Fossil kauri gum is rather soft and can be carved easily with a knife or polished with fine sandpaper. In the time of Queen Victoria of England (1837-1901), some pieces were made into fashionable amber beads that women wore around their necks. The occasional lump that contained preserved insects was prized for use in necklaces and bracelets. Many of the gum-diggers enjoyed the occasional spell of carving and produced a wide variety of small sculptured pieces. Many of these carvings can be seen today in local museums,

Over the years, kauri gum has also been used in a number of minor products, such as an ingredient in marine glue and candles. In the last decades it has had a very limited use in the manufacture of extremely high-grade varnish for violins, but the gum of the magnificent kauri tree remains an important part of New Zealand’s history.

General Training Reading and Writing

Questions 28-33

The text has six sections, A-F.

Which section contains the following information?

write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 28–33 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than onco.

28 an example of a domestic product made of high-quality gum

29 factors affecting gum quality

30 how kauri gum is formed

31 how gum was gathered

32 the main industrial uses of the gum

33 recent uses of kauri gum

Questions 34–39

Look at the following events in the history of kauri gum in itew Zeeland (Questions 34-39) and the list of time periods below.

Match each event with the correct time period, A.

write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 34–39 on your answer sheet,

34 Kauri gum was first used in New Zealand.

35 The amount of kauri gum sent overseas peaked

36 The collection of kauri gum supplemented farmers’ incomes.

37 Kauri gum was made into jewellery

38 Kauri gum was used in the production of string instruments.

39 Most of the kauri gum was found underground.

List of Time Periods

A before the 1800s B in 1900

C in 1910 D between the late 1800s and the early 1900s

E between the 1830s and 1900 F in 1814 and 1815

G after 1850 H in the 1930s

I in recent times

Question 40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.

40 What was most likely to reduce the quality of kauri gum?

A how long it was buried

B exposure to water

C how deep it was buried

D exposure to heat

Section 3

Question 28-40

28-33(Identifying information)

28.Ans,E,answer location,1^st lines of section ,The first major commercial use of kauri gum was in the manufacture of high –grade furniture varnish ,a kind of ………ব্যাখা ,high grade quality gum টি domestic product দিয়ে বানানো হয়েছে ,প্যারা E তে উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে ।

29.Ans,A,answer location ,in section A paragraph no 3,lines 3-5,This gum came in a bewildering variety of colours degree of transparency and hardness ,depending on the length and location of burial ,as well as the health of the original tree and the area of bleeding .Highest quality gum was hard and bright and was usually found at shallow death on the hills .ব্যাখা ,বিভিন্ন কারনে gum এর quality ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হত ।

30.Ans,A,answer location,in section A ,paragraph no 2,lines 1-4,After running from rips or tears in the bark of trees ,the sap hardens to form the lumps of gum which eventually fall to the ground and are buried under layers of forest litter .The bark often splits where .ব্যাখা,কিভাবে kuri gum তৈরি করা হয় ,এই বিষয় নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ।

31.Ans,B,answer location,in section B,lines 3-4,In Maori and early European times up until 1850 ,most gum collected was simply picked up from the ground ,but after that ,the majority was recovered by digging .ব্যাখা ,কিভাবে কুড়ি গাম সংগ্রহ করা হয় ।

32.Ans,E,answer location ,in section E,The first major commercial use of kauri gum was in the manufacturer of high-grade furniture varnish ,a kind of clear paint used to treat wood .ব্যাখা,এই গাম প্রধানত কি কি কাজে ব্যবহার করা হয় ।

33.Ans,F,section F,in the last decades ,it has had a very limited use in the manufacturer of extremely high-grade varnish for violins…….ব্যাখা,নতুন ভাবে kauri gum ব্যবহার করা হয় violins এর varnish এর ক্ষেত্রে ।

Question 34-39(matching reference with time periods )

34.Ans,answer location ,section C ,The original inhabitants of New Zealand ,the Maori ,had experimented with kauri gum well before Europeans arrived at the beginning of the nineteenth century .ব্যাখা,১৮০০ শতক এর প্রথম দিকে New Zealand এ কুড়ি গাম ব্যবহার করা হয় ।

35.Ans,B,answer location ,section D ,last lines ,The increasing number of diggers resulted in rapid growth of the kauri gum exports from 1000 tons in 1860 to a maximum of over 10,000 tons in 1900.ব্যাখা,এই kuri gum বিদেশে রপ্তানি করা হয় ।

36. Ans,D,answer location ,section D,paragraph no 2 ,By the 1890s ,there were 20,000 people engaged in gum –digging .Although many of these ,such as farmers ,women and children ,were only part time diggers ,nearly 7000 were full-times .So,gum-digging or collection was a supplement for other jobs .ব্যাখা,কৃষকদের supplementary আয় হিসেবে কাজ করে ,১৮০০ শতক এবং ১৯০০ শতক এর দিকে ।

37.Ans,E,answer location,section F, In the time of Queen Victoria of England (1837-1901)some pieces were made into fashionable amber beads that women worn around necks .The occasional lump that contained preserved insects was prized for use in necklaces and bracelets.ব্যাখা,কুড়ি গাম দিয়ে অলংকার তৈরী করা হয় ।

38.Ans,I,answer location,section F,in the last decades ,it has had a very limited use in the manufacturer of extremely high-grade varnish for violins ………ব্যাখা,Violins or string instrument একই অর্থ বহন করে ,এটি মূলত string instrument তৈরীর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহার করা হয় ।

39.Ans,G,answer location,section B,In Maori and early European times up until 1850,most gum collected was simply picked up from the ground ,but ,after that ,the majority was recovered by digging .ব্যাখা,মুলত কুড়ি গাম মাটির নিচ থেকে সংগ্রহ করা হয় ।

40.Ans,B,answer location,section A,paragraph no 3,lines 6-8,lowest quality gum was soft,black or chalky and sugary and was usually found buried in swamps,where it had been in contact with water for a long time .These lines suggest that contact of water affects the quality of kauri gum negatively .ব্যাখা,কুড়ি গাম কে হালকা করতে হলে পানি দিয়ে দীর্ঘ সময় রাখতে হবে।

Most Common vocubulary for IELTS GT

Words	Meanings	Synonyms or Definitions
achieve	AR©b	Earn,Acquire
administration	প্রশাসন	Management,direction
Affect	প্রভাব	Apply,elect
Analysis	পরিক্ষা	Test,trial
approach	চেষ্টা	Refuge,obtainment
appropriate	উপযুক্ত	Apposite,niche
Area	এলাকা	Field,venue
Aspects	প্রভাব	Perspective,hereafter
assistance	সাহায্য	Support,aid
Assume	ধারনা	Take,make belive
authority	KZv©e¨w³	Rebal,dominance
available	সহজলভ্য	Attainable,procurable
Benefit	সুবিধা	Favor,avail
category	বিভাগ	Range,group,tribe
community	সমাজ	Tribe,sect
complex	জটিল	Complicated,intricate
concerning	বিষয়ে	About,regarding
conclusion	উপসংহার	Finale,last
conduct	পরিচালনা	Lead,propulsion
consequence	ফল	Fruit,result
consistent	m½Z	Apt,fitting
constitutional	সাংবিধানিক	Regular,ordinary
consumer	ক্রেতা	Client,eater,
Context	cÖm½	Formula ,cue
Create	তৈরি	Make,generate
culture	সংস্কৃতি	Education,lesson
Data	তথ্য	Facts,statistics
definition	বিশ্লেষন	Statement,setting
destructive	ধংসাত্নক	Killing,blasting
discovery	Avwe®‹vi	Express,detect
distinction	cv_©K¨	Difference,variety
economic	Avw_©K	Financial,monetary
element	উপাদান	Matrix,fundamental
environment	পরিবেশ	Atmosphere,situation
Error	ভূল	Mistake,oversight
equation	সমীকরণ	Equalization
establish	প্রতিষ্টা	Founded,placed
estimate	হিসাব	Account,catalog
evaluation	বিপ্লব	Expression,manifestation
evidence	প্রমাণ	Proof,symbol
factors	কারন	Cause,creator
feature	বৈশিষ্ঠ্য	Material,organ
Final	চূড়ান্ত	Last,utmost
financial	Avw_©K	Treasure,value
Focus	লক্ষ্য	Navel,hub
function	ক্রিয়া	Task,duty
global	বিশ্বব্যাপি	Worldwide,inclusive
identify	শনাক্ত	Know,recognize
impact	প্রভাব	Power,influence
income	আয়	Produce,revenue
indicate	উদ্দেশ্য	Preface,evidence
individual	আলাদা	Personality,soul
Injury	আঘাত	Blow,hit
investment	বিনিয়োগ	Commission,offering
involve	যুক্ত	Include,mess up
Issue	সমস্যা	Disclouser,outcome
Item	উপাদান	Point,clause
legal	বৈধ	Lawful,legal
maintenance	রক্ষা	Charge,protection
major	প্রধান	Chief,great
media	মিডিয়া	Mass communication
method	পদ্ধতি	Process,system
modern	আধুনিক	Present,recent
normal	সাধারণ	General,common
obtain	AR©b	Achive,earn
occur	ঘটা	Arrive,happen
participation	অংশগ্রহন	Sharing
percent	শতাংশ	Interest
period	সময়	Instant,time
policy	পদ্বতি	Political,science
positive	নিশ্চিত	Sure,certain
potential	কার্যকরী	Expectation,possibility
previous	c~‡e©	Old,past
primary	প্রাথমিক	Elementary ,initial
purchase	ক্রয় করা	Buy,buying
range	পরিসর	Extent,target
recent	এখনকার	Current,new
region	এলাকা	Territory,field
regulations	নিয়ম	Rule,system
relevant	প্রাসংগিক	Related with,topical
require	চাহিদা	Necessary,momentous
research	M‡elbv	Exploration,inquiry
resident	বাসিন্দা	Citizen,staying
resources	উপাদান	Capital,funds
response	সাড়া	Reply,report
restrict	বাধাu	Deter,inhibit
security	wbivcËv	Safety,surety
sector	শাখা	Branch,group
significant	¸iæZ¡c~Y©	Important,great
similar	একই ধরনের	Alike,equivalent
solution	সমাধান	Explanation,judgement
source	উৎস	Original,nature
specific	wbw`ó	Generic,special
strategy	কৌশল	Firm,constant
structure	গঠন	Form,formation
theory	তত্ব	Idea,deduction
threat	হুমকি	Itch,ripple
traditional	প্রচলিত	Basic,fundamental
transport	যানবাহন	Transit,conduct
access	প্রবেশ	Shelter,rise
activity	Kvh©µg	Action,work
Alter	cwieZ©b Kiv	Change,turn
alternative	বিকল্প	Variation,doubt
amendment	সংশধোন	Cutting,correction
annual	evwl©K	Yearly,anniversary
apparent	দৃশ্যমান	External,patent
application	আবেদন	Setting,placing
approximate	প্রায়	Forthcoming,impending
artificial	প্রাকৃতিক	Simulated,earned
attitude	A½fw½	Behavior,concept
aware	সচেতন	Informed,conscious
capacity	ধারণক্ষমতা	Strength,force
challenge	প্রতিযোগিতা	Call,appeal
circumstance	পরিবেশ	Event,case
comment	মন্তব্য	Remark,note
communication	যোগাযোগ	Contract,informaing
concentration	একাগ্রতা	Assembly,focus
conflict	দ্বন্ধ	Friction,confrontment
considerable	গণ্যমান্য	Grerat,important
constant	নিয়মিত	Certain,sure
contact	যোগাযোগ	Agreement,rule
contribution	অবদান	Achievement,collection
Core	মূল	Grain,interior
correspond	উপযুক্ত	Fulfill,consist
criteria	wbbv©qK	Ground,inference
cycle	চক্র	Roadstar,wheel
debate	weZK©	Discussion,contest
decline	কমানো	Collapse,downfall
deduction	সিদ্বান্তগ্রহন	Elimination,exception
demonstrate	cÖ`k©b Kiv	Solve,exibit
despite	m‡Z¡	Contempt,phobia
dimension	মাপ	Measure,excuse
domestic	গৃহপালিত	Household,home
dominant	প্রভাবশালী	Main,primary
emerge	উত্থান	Come out,go out
emphasis	জোর	Feature,tendency
enable	সক্ষম	Qualify,earn
energy	শক্তি	Force,drive
enforcement	বল প্রয়োগ	Stress,edition
ensure	নিশ্চিত	Confirm,assure
equivalent	সমতূল্য	Identical,same
evolution	বিপ্লব	Growth,publication

IELTS এ Vocabulary Range কিভাবে বাড়াবেন ।

#অনেকে Dictionery মুখস্ত করার চেস্টা করে প্রথম থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত এটা মোটেই করবেন না ।

#Vocabulary শিখতে হবে sentence থেকে ,কারন একেকটি বাক্য একেক ভাবে অর্থ বহন করে ।

উদাহরন ঃ study শব্দটির অর্থ হলো পড়াশোনা কিন্তু বাক্যের motive এর জন্য অর্থ গবেষনা হতে পারে ।

#এক পৃস্টা না বুঝে পড়ার চাইতে একটি বাক্য অর্থ সহ বুঝে পড়ূন ।

#IELTS Reading Vocabulary সক্ষমতা বাড়াতে নূন্যতম ১০ টি passage পড়ুন এই ভাবে ।

*Cambridge এর একটি বই নিবেন ।

*লিখার জন্য একটি খাতা ।

*একটি dictionary app open করে রাখবেন ঠিক সামনে ।

*এখন vocabulary তে সমস্যা সেটি খুজে বের করুন এবং খাতায় অর্থ সহ লিখুন ৫ বার করে । spelling টাও লিখা হল ।এভাবে প্রত্যেক sentence ধরে ধরে শিখুন ।আপনাকে sentence বুঝার সক্ষমতা বাড়াতে হবে ।কারন আপনার sentence বুঝার সক্ষমতার নামই হল IELTS Reading .

READING

SECTION 1 Questions 1-14

Read the text below and answer Questions 1-5.

Is Your Child at School Today?

School Attendance Information for Parents/Carers

Introduction

Receiving a good full-time education will give your child the best possible start in life. Attending school regularly and punctually is essential if children are to make the most of the opportunities available to them. The law says that parents must ensure that their child regularly attends the school where he/she is registered.

What you can do to help

Make sure your child arrives at school on time. This encourages habits of good timekeeping and lessens any possible classroom disruption. If your child arrives after the register has closed without a good reason, this will be recorded as an ‘unauthorised’ absence for that session.
If your child has to miss school it is vital that you let the school know why, preferably on the first morning of absence. (Your child’s school will have an attendance policy explaining how this should be done.)
If you know or think that your child is having difficulties attending school you should contact the school. It is better to do this sooner rather than later, as most problems can be dealt with very quickly.

Authorised and Unauthorised Absence

If your child is absent and the school either does not receive an explanation from you, or considers the explanation unsatisfactory, it will record your child’s absence as ‘unauthorised’, that is, as truancy.

Most absences for acceptable reasons will be authorised by your child’s school:

Sickness .
Unavoidable medical or dental appointments (if possible, arrange these for after school or during school holidays)
An interview with a prospective employer or college
Exceptional family circumstances, such as bereavement
Days of religious observance.

Your child’s school will not authorise absence for the following reasons:

Shopping during school hours
Day trips
Holidays which have not been agreed
Birthdays
Looking after brothers or sisters or ill relatives.

Questions 1-5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text on pages 18 and 19?

In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

Children must go to the school where they are registered.
All arrivals after the register has closed are recorded as ‘unauthorised’ absences.
If your child is absent from school, you must send the school a letter to explain why.
Staff who think a child is having difficulties at school will contact the parents.
Schools will contact other authorities about children who take frequent unauthorised absences.

Read the text below and answer Questions 6-14.

HOLIDAY APARTMENTS TO LET

Sleeps 2-3. One-bedroom apartment with uninterrupted sea views. This is a small first floor apartment in a well-established apartment complex containing a range of leisure facilities and a supermarket for residents. On the edge of the town but close to cafés and restaurants. On-street parking is generally available.
Sleeps 2-4. Spacious one-bedroom apartment in a complex that has only just opened, five minutes’ walk from the sea. Private parking in front of building. It is located in a quiet, unspoilt village with a local market, banks, cafés and restaurants. There are some fabulous championship golf courses within easy walking distance.
Sleeps 2+child. One-bedroom cottage (child’s bed can also be provided), large terrace with uninterrupted views of the river and mountains, A truly peaceful location in a picturesque village, but less than ten minutes’ drive from the coast and all the amenities of a town. Owners live nearby and are happy to help in any way they can.
Sleeps 2–5. Two-bedroom apartment in a complex with its own poo1l and beautiful views of the national park. A peaceful location just 3 km from the town centre, where there are plenty of shops and excellent sports facilities. Superb local golf courses within easy reach.
Sleeps 2-4. Modern one-bedroom first floor apartment in house, owners resident on ground floor. This great location offers easy access to all that this fantastic town has to offer, a few minutes’ drive from its supermarket, bank, cafés, restaurants. The ferry to the island beach leaves from 100 m away. Ten minutes walk from the new shopping centre, which has many shops, food hall, cinema and multi-storey car park.
Sleeps 2. One-bedroom first floor apartment. Beautifully furnished, offering a high standard of comfort. Situated in a peaceful location on the edge of an inland village, with attractive views of the golf course. Many restaurants, bars, shops etc. are within easy walking distance. Garage available by arrangement with the owners.
Sleeps 2–4. Two-bedroom apartment in central location in busy street with shops, restaurants etc. not far from the beach. The town has ideal facilities for holidays all year round, including swimming pool, tennis courts and golf course.

Questions 6-14

The text on page 21 has seven sections, A-G.

For which apartment are the following statements true?

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 6–14 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

. It overlooks a golf course.
It has its own parking space.
It is in the centre of a town.
The sea can be seen from it.
There is a swimming pool for residents of the apartment complex.
It is in a new apartment complex.
It is part of an apartment complex with its own supermarket.
It has a private outdoor area where you can sit.
The owners will organise parking on request.

IELTS GENERAL TRAINING

TEST 1 (SECTION 1 QUESTION 1 TO 14)

QUESTION (1-5) TRUE ,FALSE NOT GIVEN

1.TRUE :answer location ,introduction para first 3-4 lines ,parents must ensure that their child regularly attends the school where he or she is registered .ব্যাখা পিতামাতাকে অবশ্যই নিশ্চিত করতে হবে বাচ্চারা স্কুলে উপস্তিত হবে ।

2.FALSE:answer location,bullet points no 1 in lines 2-4 ,if your child arrives after the register has closed without a good reason ,this will be recorded as an unauthorized absence for that session .ব্যাখা ,উপযুক্ত কারন ছাড়া unauthorized absence হিসেবে গণ্য হবে

3.NOT GIVEN : if your child is absent from school ,you must send the school a letter to explain why ,এখানে বলা হয়েছে চিটি দিয়ে অবশ্যই জানাতে কিন্তু এখানে এই নিয়ে passage এ কিছু উল্লেখ করা হয়নি ।

4.NOT GIVEN :passage এ staff will contact with parents কথার উল্লেখ নেই ।

5.NOT GIVEN : school will contract other authorities যদি ছাত্র অনুপস্তিত থাকে তা হলে other authorities এর সাথে যোগাযোগ করতে হবে এই বিষয় নিয়ে কিছুই উল্লেখ করা হয়নি তাই not given

Question (6 -14)

6.F,answer location ,section F ,line no 3,with attractive views of the golf course ,এখানে views এবং overlooks synnonyms হিসেবে কাজ করে

7.B,answer location ,section,line no 2,private parking in front of building ,প্রশ্নে বলা হয়েছে এখানে own parking space কিন্তু প্যারাগ্রাফে বলা হয়েছে private parking space

8.G,answer location,section G, First lines ,two bedroom apartment in central location in the busy street with shops,restaurant etc.ব্যাখা,central and centre location একই অর্থ বহন করে

9.A,answer location,section,A,1^ST sentence of paragraph,one bedroom apartment with uninterrupted sea views,ব্যাখা,এখানে সহজে sea views দেখা যায়

10.D,answer location,section D,1^st and 2^nd sentence ,two bedroom apartment in a complex with its own pool and beautiful views of the national park ,its own pool and pool for residents are similiar,ব্যাখা residents দের জন্য সুইমিংপুল রয়েছে

11.B,answer location,,section B,1^st and 2^nd sentence ,spacious one bedroom apartment in a complex that has only just opened five minutes walk from the sea,ব্যাখা ,প্রশ্নে বলা হয়েছে new apatement কিন্তু passage এ বলা হয়েছে just opened .

12.A,answer location ,section A,this is a small first floor apartment in a well established apartment complex containing a range of leisure facilities and a supermarket for resident ,ব্যাখা এখানের বাসিন্দাদের জন্য নিজস্ব মার্কেট রয়েছে

13.C,answer location,section C,large terrace with uninterrupted views of river and mountains ,a truly peaceful location in a picturesque village.এখানে ,large terrace বা large private outdoor area রয়েছে কটেজ এর সাথে যুক্ত

14.F,answer location ,section F,last line of sentence ,garage available by arrangements with the owners,garage or parking are same ,ব্যাখা মালিকের নিজস্ব ব্যবস্তাপনায় গ্যারেজ এর সুবিধা দেওয়া হয় ।

SECTION 2 Questions 15–27

Read the text below and answer Questions 15-21.

GZJ Travel – Recruitment Info

We’re looking for keen and effective people who are passionate about travel to work as Travel Sales Consultants in our rapidly-growing team. Our recruitment process has five stages. Here’s how it works:

The first stage is to use our online application form to apply for a current vacancy. This is your chance to tell us about yourself, and the qualities and experience you have that make you the ideal person for the job. For the Travel Sales Consultant role, you’ll need to provide us with evidence that you have extensive experience in a marketing environment, as well as a solid academic background. If you’re interested in a career as a Corporate Travel Consultant, you’ll need at least one year’s experience as a Travel Consultant.

If you reach Stage Two, we’ll arrange a telephone discussion, where you can find out more about us, including the rewards on offer. For instance, once a year we like to acknowledge outstanding efforts and celebrate successes with our co-workers, and we have prize-giving ceremonies designed to do just this.

In Stage Three we’ll be able to give you more information about GZJ Travel, and find out more about you, at an interview which you’ll attend with a small group of other applicants. We’ll be asking you about your ambitions and of course your sales ability, the most vital quality for our business. You’ll also be required to complete a psychometric test so we can find out more about your working style and characteristics. We’ll also tell you about some of the perks – for example, as a Flight Center employee you can take advantage of the free consultations conducted by our in-house health and wellbeing team, Healthwise.

Next, in Stage Four, you’ll be introduced to the Area Leader and you’ll also visit one of our shops, where you’ll meet the team and find out more about the sort of work that’s involved. If you successfully pass Stage Four, you’ve reached the final stage of the process and we’ll be in touch with a job offer! And if you accept, we’ll book you into our Learning Center to get your training under way as soon as possible. Careerwise, the department responsible for the training, will then organise individual coaching to assist in setting goals for your career path.

Test 1

Questions 15-21

Complete the flow-chart below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet.

GZJ Travel – Recruitment Process

Stage One – Application form

Go online and apply for jobs advertised
Give proof of achievements so far both in education and in a 15………………………………..

(Note: additional requirements for applicants interested in the role of 16………………………..)

Stage Two – Telephone discussion

More information given about company and the 17………….. you could

receive

Information about annual event, where prizes are given to those who have made 18…………………………..

Stage Three – Group interview

Chance to tell us about how good you are at selling, and also about the . 19………………………… you have
Take part in a 20……………………………. (used to learn about your way of working)
Information given on benefits (e.g. health consultations)

Stage Four – Individual interview

Meet a manager, and the 21………………….. working in a particular store

Stage Five – Job offer

Job offer sent out to successful applicants

Read the text below and answer Questions 22-27.

Hilton Laboratory

Health and safety in the workplace

Personal safety

You must be familiar with the emergency procedures in your building so that you know what to do in the event of fire, spillages or other accidents. Do not enter restricted areas without authorisation, and at all times observe the warnings given. Do not wedge open fire doors or tamper with door closures, and do not block doorways, corridors or stairs, as obstructions may affect access in the event of a fire. Avoid leaving drawers and doors open unnecessarily and do not trail cables or flexes across the floor.

How to dispose of rubbish safely

We aim to protect the environment by saving and recycling glass, waste paper, and an increasing range of other materials. It is important to check materials carefully for contamination before placing them in recycling containers. Never put sharp objects such as razor blades or broken glass into waste bins without having wrapped the items carefully to protect those emptying the bins. Other waste procedures may vary – contact your Building Manager or Divisional Safety Officer for advice with regard to your particular department.

How to handle heavy objects

Make sure that shelves are not overloaded and that glass and heavy objects are stored at working height where they will be easier to reach. Use steps or ladders to reach items at height; never climb on benches, tables or chairs. Never move anything that is beyond your capability. Wherever possible you should use the trolleys provided in the workplace to do the job for you. If repetitive manual operations are routine in your work, your department will ensure you receive appropriate instruction on safe working practices and posture.

Staying alert

If you become mentally or physically tired during the working day, and find that you’re feeling drowsy or not concentrating properly, you could be at risk of causing an accident or making a mistake that could harm you or your colleagues. To prevent this, make sure that you take regular breaks when necessary.

Questions 22-27

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet.

There are certain places in the building that staff should avoid unless they have …………….

To ensure people can get out easily, it is important that there are no…………………………………… to exits.

Items which could cause injury must be …………………….. before they are disposed of .

Not all departments have the same system for dealing with………………….. so you need to check before throwing things away.

……………………………are available to make tasks which require moving objects easier.

You should have……………………………………………. while you are working.

IELTS GENERAL TRAINING SECTION 2 QUESTION (15 -27)

Question 15-21

15 Ans:.marketing environment ,answer location,paragraph no:2 lines 3-5,for the travel sales consultant role ,you will need to provide us with evidence that you have extensive experience in a marketing environment as well as a solid academic background . ব্যাখা এখানে দুই ধরনের qualification এর কথা বলা হয়েছে ,একটি হল academic qualification অন্যটি marketing environoment

16.Ans :corporate travel consultant ,answer location ,paragraph no:2 last lines , if you are interested in a career as a corporate travel consultant ,you will need at least one years experience as a travel consultant ব্যাখা যদি আপনি travel consultant হিসেবে কাজ করতে হলে এক বছর এর অভিজ্ঞতা প্রয়োজন এই বিষয়ে ।

17.Ans :Rewards,answer location ,paragraph no 3,1^st sentence if you reach stage two ,we will arrange a telephone discussion ,where you can find out more about us ,including the rewards on offer .ব্যাখা যদি দ্বিতীয় ধাপ অতিক্রম করা হয় তখন তারা ফোন কল এর ব্যবস্তা করবে এবং আর তথ্য নিশ্চিত করবে কি কি পুরস্কার রয়েছে

18.Ans : outstanding efforts ,answer location ,paragraph no 3 ,lines 2-4 ,once a year we like to acknowledge outstanding efforts and celebrate successes with our co-workers,and we have prize giving ceremonies designed to do just this ,ব্যাখা প্রশ্নে বলা হয়েছে annual event কিন্তু passage এ বলা হয়েছে ,once a year যেখানে outstanding efforts এর জন্য পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হয় ।

19Ans.Ambitions ,answer location,paragraph no 4,line 3-4 ,we will be asking you about your ambitions and of course your sales ability the most vital quality for our business .ব্যাখা এখানে আপনার আকাঙ্ক্ষা এবং সেলস নিয়ে আপনার দক্ষতার কথা জিজ্ঞাসা করা হবে

20.Ans.psychometric test,answer location,paragraph no 4 ,lines 4-6 ,you will be also required to complete a psychometric test so we can find out more about your working style and characteristics .ব্যাখা এখানে .psychometric test এ অংশ গ্রহন করতে হবে

21.Ans :team,answer location ,paragraph no : 6 ,LINES 1-3,in stage four you will be introduced to the area leader and you will also visit one of our shops ,where you will meet the team and find out more about the sort of work that’s involved ব্যাখা,কাজের ধরন জানার জন্য একটি টিমের সাথে যুক্ত করা হবে

Question 22-27

22.Ans,authorisation,answer location ,personal safety ,lines 2-3,do not enter restricted areas without authorisation,ব্যাখা ,বিল্ডিং এর নির্দিষ্ট কিছু স্থানে প্রবেশ নিষেধ authorisation ছাড়া

23.Ans ,Obstructions,answer location,Rabbish safety section,lines 3-5,do not wedge open fire doors or tamper with doors closures and do not block doorways ,corridors or stairs ,as obstructions may affect access in the event of a fire .ব্যাখা,এটা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ যেন মানুষ বের হতে যেন কোন ধরনের Obstructions বা বাধার মুখে না পড়ে

24.Ans ,wrapped carefully,answer location,how to dispose of rubbish safely section,lines 3-5 ,never put sharp objects such as razor blades or broken glass into waste bins without having wrapped the items carefully to protect those emptying the bins ,ব্যাখা ,রেজার ব্লেড বা ভাঙা কাচের মতো ধারালো বস্তু কখনই বর্জ্য বাক্সে রাখবেন না ,যদি রাখেন wrapped carefully ।

25.Ans,waste/rubbish,answer location ,rubbish safety section ,other waste procedures may vary –contract your building manager or divisional safety officer for advice with regard to your particular department . ব্যাখা সব বিভাগ এর বর্জ্য ব্যবস্থাপনা একই পদ্ধতি অবলম্বন করে না ,এর জন্য আপনার বিল্ডিং ম্যানেজার বা বিভাগীয় সুরক্ষা কর্মকর্তার সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন ।

26.Ans,trolleys ,answer location,how to handle heavy section,lines 4-5,never move anything that is beyond your capability,wherever possible you should use the trolleys provided in the workplace to do the job for you .ব্যাখা ,আপনার সক্ষমতার বাইরে কিছু সরানোর চেস্টা করবেন না এখানে ট্রলি রয়েছে সেটির উপযুক্ত ব্যবহার করুন ।

27.Ans,(regular) breaks,answer location,staying alert section ,last lines, make sure that you take regular breaks when necessary .ব্যাখা,আপনি নিশ্চিত করুন যখন বিশ্রাম এর প্রয়োজন সেটি নিচ্ছেন

SECTION 3 Questions 28–40

Questions 28–34

The text on pages 28 and 29 has seven sections, A-G.

Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number i–x, in boxes 28–34 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i. A decrease in the zebra population

ii. An obstruction on the traditional route

iii. An unknown species

iv. Some confusing information

Staying permanently in the Makgadikgadi
Nearly a record in the zebra world
Three different ways of living
The original aim of the work
How was the information passed on?
Why it is important to study zebras

28 Section A

29 Section B

30 Section C

31 Section D

32 Section E

33 Section F

34 Section G

The Zebras’ long walk across

James Gifford investigates some interesting new research into migration patterns of zebras living in Botswana in southern Africa .

For any animal to travel over 270 km in Botswana partly across the sand and low bush terrain of the Kalahari Desert is a remarkable achievement. But to do so in 11 days and without any obvious motivation, as this zebra population does, is quite extraordinary. On average their journey involves an exhausting round-trip of 588 km – between the Makgadikgadi salt pan area and the Okavango river – making it second only to the great trek undertaken by the zebra herds in the Serengeti National Park. However, what is even more incredible still in my view is that until recently it was completely unheard of.

Hattie Bartlam, a researcher, discovered this migration while she was tracking zebra groups, officially known as harems, by the Okavango river for her PhD. Each harem consists of a stallion and his seven or eight mares with juvenile foals. There is no loyalty between zebras beyond this social group, though harems often gather together into so- called herds. For her study, Hattie had planned to compare the small-scale movement patterns of 11 different zebra herds in the area.

In December, when the annual rains had transformed the roads into rivers, Hattie was, therefore, more than a little surprised when she checked the data sent by the radio collars she fits to the zebras she is tracking to find that six of the harems were 270 km away on the edge of the Makgadikgadi, a huge mineral-rich area where salt has collected over the years as water evaporates in the heat. Then, when the last of the moisture from the rains had disappeared in May the following year, five of those harems came wearily back to the Okavango. This raised the question: why, despite a plentiful supply of food and water, were the zebras being drawn eastwards to the salt pans? Even more difficult to understand was what made six of the groups travel so far, while the other five remained by the Okavango.

This discovery created quite a buzz in the research community. I decided to visit Hattie and she explained that a century ago the large number of Botswana’s zebra and wildebeest herds and the resulting competition for grass made migration essential. One of the migration tracks went from the Okavango to Makgadikgadi. But in the late 1960s, giant fences were put up to stop foot and mouth and other diseases spreading between wildlife

and domestic cattle. One of these went across the migration track. Though the animals could get round the obstacle, each leg of their journey would now be 200 km longer – art impossible distance given the lack of permanent water on the extended route. Even today, with the fence gone (it was taken down in 2004), there is dangerously little drinking water to support the zebras or the return journey to the Okavango.

As a zebra can live up to 20 years, the migration must have skipped at least one generation during the 40 or so years that the fences were up. This prompts another question: it has always been assumed that the young of social herbivores like zebras learn migratory behaviour from their parents, so how did the latest generation learn when and where to go? Not from their parents, who were prevented from migrating. Did they follow another species, such as elephants? We may never know.

Hattie’s data points to the conclusion that there are several zebra populations adopting different behaviour. The first, like the vast majority of the Okavango zebras, take it easy, spending the entire year by the river. The second group, 15,000–20,000 strong, work a bit harder. They divide their time between the Makgadikgadi salt pans and the Boteti River, which is reasonably near by. They sometimes struggle to find water in the Boteti area during the dry season, often moving 30 km in search of fresh grazing. Their reward: the juicy grass around the Makgadikgadi after the rains. The final group of zebras, whose numbers are more modest (though as yet unknown), must surely be considered as among the animal kingdom’s most remarkable athletes. By moving between the Okavango and the salt pans, they enjoy the best of both worlds. But the price they pay is an extraordinary journey across Botswana.

G .

Endangered species naturally tend to grab the headlines, so it’s refreshing for a relatively abundant animal like the zebra to be the centre of attention for once. Zebras are a vital part of the food chain: understanding their migration in turn helps us to interpret the movements of their predators, and Hattie’s research has shed light on the impact of fences on migratory animals. So what triggered her interest in zebras? She explains that it is easier to get funding to study exciting animals like lions. Crucial as that undoubtedly is, she believes that herbivores like zebras are key to understanding any ecosystem. The scientific community is fortunate that people like Hattie are willing to take the hard option.

Questions 35-37

Complete the summary below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 35–37 on your answer sheet.

Social behaviour in zebras

Zebras tend to live together in small units, which experts call 35……….. Here, a male zebra has charge of a number of adult 36……………….. and their young. These units sometimes assemble in bigger groupings or 37……………. but it is still clear that the zebras’ loyalty only extends to the small unit they live in.

Questions 38-40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes 38–40 on your answer sheet.

38 How did Hattie feel when she heard some of the zebras had travelled so far?

А. annoyed because she would have to follow them to Makgadikgadi

B . disappointed that not all of them made it back to Okavango

C . frustrated as the rains had made the roads unusable

D. unsure as to their real motivation for going

39 When describing the different Botswana zebra populations, the writer

indicates .

A his admiration for the ones who migrate the furthest distance.

B his sympathy for the ones who stay by the Okavango River.

C his disbelief that those by the Boteti have difficulty finding food.

D his anxiety that their migration patterns may not be able to continue.

40 What does the writer suggest in the final paragraph?

A Too much time has been wasted on research into the predators like lions. B It is sometimes necessary to go against the trend in research matters.

C Research will result in a ban on fences in areas where zebras live.

D Research into animals which are not endangered will increase.

Passage 3 section 3

Question (28-40)

28. Ans,Ⅵ,answer location,section A,lines 5-6,making it second only to the great trek undertaken by the zebra herds in the Serengeti national park,ব্যাখা,এই প্যারাতে zebra এর উল্লেখ যোগ্য রেকর্ড এর কথা বলা হয়েছে ।

29.Ans,Ⅶ.answer location,paragraph B,Hattle Bartlam a researcher ,discover this migration while she was tracking zebra groups ,officially known as harems ,by the Okavango River for her PHD.ব্যাখ্যা ,বিজ্ঞানি Hattle Barthlam এর উদ্দেশ্য হলো মূল উৎপওি সম্পর্কে জানা ।

30,Ans,Ⅳ,answer location,paragraph,section C,last few lines why despite a plentiful supply of food and water ,were the zebras being drawn eastwards to the salt pans?Even more difficult to understand was what made six of the groups travel so far,while the other five remained by the Okavango, ব্যাখা,this raised question and even more difficult to understand or some confusing information একই অর্থ বহন করে ,আসলে এটা একটা প্রশ্ন তৈরী করে পর্যাপ্ত পরিমান পানি এবং খাবার স্বত্বে জেবরা অনেকটা পূর্ব্ দিকে সরে আসে ।

31.Ans:Ⅱ,answer location ,section D,lines 4-5,but in the late 1960 , giant fences were put up to foot and mouth and other diseases spreading between wildlife and domestic cattle .One of these went across the migration track .Though the animals could get round the obstacle . ব্যাখা,বড় ধরনের বেস্টনী traditional route এর জন্য বাধা ।

32.Ans,Ⅸ,answer location ,section E ,this prompts another question ;it has always been assumed that the young of social herbivores like zebras learn migratory behavior from their parents ,so how did the latest generation learn when and where to go ? not from their parents ,who were prevented from migrating .Did they follow another species ,such as elephants ?ব্যাখা,এক generation থেকে অন্য generation কিভাবে তথ্য পেয়ে থাকে তাদের জীবন ব্যবস্থা সম্পর্কে ।

33.Ans,Ⅶ,answer location ,section F,lines 2-3,we find about the first group ,lines 3-7,we find about the second group ,lines 7-10 ,we find about the last group of zebras,ব্যাখা,জেবরার তিন ধরনের জীবন ব্যবস্থা এর কথা বলা হয়েছে ।

34.Ans,Ⅹ,answer location, 1^st lines 2-4,zebras are a vital part of the food chain ;understanding their migration ,in turn ,helps us to interpret the movements of their predators ,2^nd ,lines 7,she believes that herbivores like zebras are key to understanding any ecosystem .ব্যাখা, কেন জেবরা নিয়ে গবেষনা গুরুত্ব পূর্ন।

Question 35-37 summary completion :(with one word only )

35,Ans ,Harems,answer location ,1^st lines of section B,Hattie Barthlam ,a researcher ,discover this migration while she was tracking zebra groups ,officially known as harems .ব্যাখা,officially known or experts call একই অর্থ ,এটাকে ডাকা হয় harems নামে ।

36.Ans,mares,answer location,section B,lines 2-3,Each harem consists of a stallion and his seven or eight mares with Juvenile foals.,ব্যাখা,এখানে stallion or male zebra একই অর্থ their young or juvenile foals এর synnoyms ,এখানে প্রত্যেক harem এ র‍য়েছে সাত থেকে আটটি mares .

37.Ans,Herds,answer location ,section B,lines 4-6,there is no loyalty between zebras beyond this social group though harems often gather together into so called herds .ব্যাখা,সবাই একসাথে যখন জড়ো হয় থাকে herds বা পশুপাল বলে ।

Question 38-40: multiple choice question

38.Ans,D,answer location ,section C,In December ,when the annual rains had transformed the roads into rivers,Hattie was ,therefore ,more than a little surprised when she checked the data sent by the radio collars she fits to the zebras she is tracking to find that six of the harems were 270 km away on the edge of the makadikgadi,,,,last line of section c,this raised the question ,why ,despite a plentiful supply of food and water ,were the zebras being drawn eastwards to the salt pens ?Even more difficult to understand was what made six of the groups travel so far,while the other five remained by the Okavango .ব্যাখা,বিজ্ঞানী Httie Barthlam কি মনে করেন ? জেবরা যতেস্ট খাবার ,পানি ইত্যাদি থাকা স্বত্বে এতদূর অবস্থান করে ।উওরে তিনি মনে করেন তারা আসলে কি কারনে এতদূর অবস্থান করে থাকে জানা নেই তাদের ।

39.Ans,A,answer location,F,by moving between the Okavango and the salt pans ,they enjoy the best of both worlds .But the price they pay is an extraordinary journey across Bostswana .ব্যাখা,যখন bostwana এর জনসংখ্যা নিয়ে কথা বলেন ,তখন লেখক প্রসংসা করে বলেন তারা দূরে পৌছানোর চেস্টা করে ।

40.Ans,B,answer location ,section G,final lines ,The scientific community is fortunate that people like Hattie are willing to take the hard option .ব্যাখা ,বিজ্ঞানী সম্প্রদায় খুব খুশি যে হিট্রি এর মত ব্যক্তি hard option নেওয়ার জন্য ,option B তে বলা হয়েছে গবেষণার বিষয়গুলোর বিরুদ্ধে যাওয়া প্রয়োজন কখন কখন ।

Most Common vocubulary for IELTS GT

exposure	প্রকাশ	Publisher,announcer
external	বহিরাগত	Outer,exterior
facilitate	সহজ করা	Simplify,naturalize
fundamental	মৌলিক	Essential,necessary
funds	তহবিল	Capital,savings
generation	প্রজন্ম	Creation,origin
hence	সুতরাং	Then,therefore
hypothesis	অনুমান	Guess,supposition
illustrate	ব্যাখা	Explain,represent
image	প্রতিমা বা ছবি	Fetish,figure
immigration	অভিবাসন	Live in a foreign country
implement	বাস্তবায়ন	Equipment,device
initial	প্রাথমিক	Basic,first
integration	মিশ্রণ	The action or process
layer	স্তর	Arc,press
legislation	আইন	Regulation,advice
location	অবস্তান	Position,stability
logic	যুক্তি	Justice,right
marginal	প্রান্তিক	Margin of something
maximum	mev©waK	Most,greatest
mechanism	পদ্ধতি	Appointment,Tackle
medical	চিকিৎসাবিদ্যা	Medicative,galenic
mental	মানসিক	Psychic,inward
modification	অদলবদল	Interchange,.shuffle
negative	নেতিবাচক	Minus,opposite
network	জালেরমত বিন্যাস	Connect with a network
occupation	পেশা	Profession,career
option	বিকল্প	Taste,pleasure
orientation	স্হিতি	Impulse,tendency
outcome	ফলাফল	Fate,payoff
overall	সামগ্রিক	In total,total
parallel	সমান্তরাল	Comparision,compare
perspective	cix‡cÖwÿZ	Scene,view
philosophy	`k©b	Vision,principle
precise	যথায_	Proper,accurate
predict	fwel¨Z	Predict,settled
project	প্রকল্প	Program,motive
promote	অগ্রসর করা	Raise,honor
proportion	অনুপাত	Rate,ratio
psychology	মনোবিজ্ঞান	Human mind
reaction	প্রভাব	Response,reply
remove	সরানো	Steal,gather
resolution	সমাধান	Solution,answer
specify	wbw`©ó	Give off,mark
stability	স্হিতি	Durability,position
subsequent	cieZx©	Next,after
sufficient	h‡_ô	Enough,well-off
summary	সারাংশ	Total,gross
supply	সরবরাহ	Remedy,execution
Task	নির্দিষ্ট পাঠ	A piece of work
technique	কৌশল	Fake,trap
technology	প্রযুক্তি	Processing,term
transition	স্হানান্তরে	Alteration,exchange
trend	প্রবনতা	Tendency,learning
version	সংস্করণ	Narration,interpretation
volume	মোটপরিমাণ	Amount,quality
Abstract	অবাস্তব	Summary,essence
Accurate	সঠিক	Proper,exact
Acknowledge	স্বীকৃত	Accept,promise
Adaption	খাপ খাওয়ানো	Receiving,taking
Adequate	h‡_ô	Enough,suitable
Adjust	সমন্বয় করা	Elevate,order
Adult	বয়স্ক	Aged,old
Advocate	উকিল	Attorney,jurist
Aid	সাহায্য	Help,boost
Attribute	লক্ষন	Sign,law
Author	লেখক	Creator,writer
Brief	সংক্ষিপ্ত	Short,reduced
Capable	সক্ষম	Skilled,able
Civil	বেসামরিক	Polite,cultured
Classical	ক্লাসিকাল	Best,posh
comprehensive	ব্যাপক	Broad,extensive
Contrary	বিপরীত	Opposite,converse
Coordination	সমন্বয়	Adjustment,synthesis
Couple	জোড়া	Pair,equal
Decades	দশক	A period of ten years
Definite	wbw`ó	Certain,particular
Deny	প্রত্যাখান	Refuse,contradict
Discrimination	ব্যাখা	Avoidance,alternation
Disposal	বিন্যাস	Regulation,order
Diversity	বৈচিত্র	Muliplicy,variety
Domain	এলাকা	Kingdom.state
Dynamic	প্রগতিশীল	Progressive,potential
Eliminate	পরিহার করা	Avoid,suck
Equipment	যন্ত্রপাতি	Ingredient,implement
Estate	বিষয়	Land,position
Exceed	অতিক্রম করা	Excel,outrun
Expansion	প্রসারিত করা	Tract,deployment
Expert	দক্ষ	Specialist,adept
Fees	ফিস	Payment,expense
Flexibility	নমনীয়তা	Amenability,give
Foundation	ভিwË	Basis,base
Gender	লি½	Symbol,dick
Global	বিশ্বব্যাপি	Worldwide,catholic
Grade	শ্রেণী	Value,standard
Guarantee	নিশ্চিত	Bail,pledge
Identical	অভিন্ন	Similar,like
Ignorance	অজ্ঞতা	Silliness,stupidity
Imply	মানে বোঝানো	Expound,intimate
Incentive	প্ররোচনা	Enthusiasm,pathos
Incorporated	AšÍfy©³	Organize,jumble
Index	সারনী	Exponent,table
Infrastructure	অবকাটামো	Social and economic infrastructure
Inhibition	নিষেধ	Elimination,braking
Innovation	আবিস্কার	Discover,newness
Instance	উদাহরণ	Event,sign

HEADING MATCHING

১। প্রথম ছোট para হলে পুরোটা পড়বেন ,যদি বড় হয় অর্ধেক পড়বেন ।

২।দ্রুত meaning বুঝতে হলে noun এবং verb গুলো লক্ষ্য করুন

৩।প্রথম ৩ লাইন para তার trend প্রকাশ করে ।

৪।প্রথম ৩ লাইন পরেও যদি as a result ,although ,whereas, meanwhile ইত্যাদি ।এই ধরনের connectors থাকে তাহলে আরেকটু পড়তে হবে,heading matching বুঝার জন্য ।

৫।key feature পড়ুন briefly

6।para দেখে বুঝার চেস্টা করুন writer কি উদ্দেশ্যে উল্লেখ করেছেন নিজেকে জিজ্ঞাসা করুন । উল্লেখিত বিশয়টিতে কোন option টি সঠিক হবে ।

৭।para phase বা সমার্থক শব্দের ব্যাখা বুঝার চেস্টা করুন এবং প্রশ্নের Background key word লক্ষ্য করুন ।

৮।plural লক্ষ্য করুন যদি para প্রথমে থাকে সেখানে একাধিক তথ্য উল্লেখ করতে পারে ।

৯।linker খেয়াল রাখুন on the other hand by contrast ,but ,however .

১০।Answer সব সময় para phase দিয়ে আসবে ।Direct sentence থাকলে খেয়াল রাখুন বাক্যটি ।

SECTION 1 Questions 1-14

Read the text below and answer Questions 1-6.

HOLIDAY PLUS Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!
	Holiday location	Price*	Number of nights	Daily meals included in package	Comments	Transport to/ from airport
A	Mountain Lodge a unique wilderness retreat on the edge of the World Heritage listed National Park and only 5 km from the sea	$330	1	mountain buffet breakfast plus free soft drinks always available	free canoeing free talks in the evening free open-air tennis courts horse-riding optional extra	self-drive auto 1 hour 15 minutes or bus three times/week approx. 2 hours
B	Pelican Resort a true coral island right on the Great Barrier Reef swim straight from the beach	$580	4	hot breakfast plus beach picnic lunch plus set 4-course dinner	refurbishment: resort will close for may free minibus trip around island plane flights to Wilson Island only $50	Half hour by minibus
C	Cedar Lodge a blend of casual sophistication and rich rainforest ambience for those over 25	$740	4	tropical breakfast picnic lunch – optional extra	oldest living rainforest free bikes and tennis courts; horse-riding extra	10 mins by taxi

* Price: per person, per package, twin share

Reading

Questions 1-3

Look at the three holidays, A, B and C, on page 104.

For which holiday are the following statements true?

Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.

1)This holiday doesn’t cater for young children.

2)This holiday provides a tour at no extra cost.

3)This holiday involves most travel time from the airport.

Questions 4-6

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.

4)When will one of the holiday locations not be open?

5)Which two outdoor activities are provided at no extra cost at Mountain Lodge?

6)What is the fastest way to travel to Mountain Lodge?

General Training: Reading and Writing

Read the text below and answer Questions 7–14.

SYDNEY TRAVEL COLLEGE

At this College we recommend the Multiplan policy.

Travel insurance requirements

As this course includes a total of three months’ travel outside Australia, travel insurance is compulsory. If you are sick or have an accident in Australia, your medical bills will be fully covered – however, you cannot assume that everything will be covered overseas, so please read the following requirements carefully.

1 Medical

Australia has reciprocal medical arrangements with the governments of the eight nations you will be visiting. This arrangement will cover all emergency hospital treatment. However, students will have to take out insurance such as Multiplan to cover the costs of all visits to doctors, and other non-emergency medical situations.

If you have a serious accident or illness, Multiplan insurance will cover the cost of your flight back to Australia, if required. Depending on the circumstances, this may also pay for either medical personnel or a family member to accompany you home. Multiplan insurance may not cover all pre-existing medical conditions – so before you leave be sure to check with them about any long-term illnesses or disabilities that you have.

If you do require medical treatment overseas, and you want to make a claim on your insurance, the claim will not be accepted unless you produce both your student card and your travel insurance card.

2 Belongings

The Multiplan policy covers most student requirements. In particular, it provides students with luggage insurance. This covers any loss or theft of your everyday belongings. For example, this insurance covers:

the present value of items that are stolen – provided that you have purchase receipts
for every item; if no receipts, no payment can be made
replacement value of your briefcase or backpack and study books
portable computers and CD players, if you specifically list them as items in the policy

3 Cancellation

This insurance covers any non-refundable deposit and other costs you have paid if you have to cancel due to ‘unforeseen or unforeseeable circumstances outside your control’. It does not provide cover if you change your study or travel plans for other reasons.

Reading

Questions 7-14

Classify the following events as being

covered by government arrangements
covered by the Multiplan policy
not covered by the Multiplan policy
covered in some situations

Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 7-14 on your answer sheet.

7) A student travelling overseas suddenly needs hospital treatment.

8) A student consults a doctor regarding a minor problem while abroad.

9) Apparent goes overseas to bring an injured or sick student to Australia.

10) A student is treated overseas for an illness he/she had before leaving Australia.

11) A student who requires medical treatment has lost his/her travel insurance card.

12) A student’s study books are lost.

13) A student’s laptop is stolen.

14) A student changes his/her mind about plans to study and decides not to take the booked flight.

Section 1 Question (1-14) Question 1-3

1.Ans.C,answer location,holiday location ,column C,cedar lodge ,a blend of casual sophistication and rich rainforest ambience for those over 25.ব্যাখা ,এই হলিডে young children দের জন্য নয় ।যাদের ২৫ এর উপরে শুধু মাত্র তাদের জন্য ।

2.Ans.B,answer location ,pelican resort,column B,comments section,free minibus trip around island.ব্যাখা ,এই হলিডে তে ফ্রি ট্রুর এর জন্য মিনিবাস এর সুবিধা রয়েছে ।

3.Ans.A,answer location,mountain lodge,column A,transport from airport ,self drive auto 1 hour 15 minutes or bus three times /week approx. 2 hours .ব্যাখা,মাউন্টেন লজ এ যেতে সবচেয়ে বেশি সময়ের প্রয়োজন ।

Question 4-6

4.Ans.May,answer location,pelican resort ,section B,refurbishment resort will close for may , ব্যাখা ,কখন এই holiday location বন্ধ থাকবে ।

5.Ans.canoeing,tennis ,answer location,mountain lodge,section A,free canoeing and free open air tennis courts are two outdoor activities .ব্যাখা ,এখানে দুই ধরনের outdoor activities কথা বলা হয়েছে ।

6.Ans.self drive,answer location,mountain lodge ,section A,self drive auto 1 hour 15 minutes or bus three times/week approx 2 hours .ব্যাখা,মাউন্টেন লজ এ যেতে সবচেয়ে দ্রুত উপায় হচ্ছে self drive ।

Question 7-14

7.Ans.A,answer location,1.medical ,1^st lines of paragraph ,Australia has reciprocal medical arrangements with the government of the eight nations you will be visiting .this arrangements will cover all emergency hospital treatment .ব্যাখা ,একজন ছাত্রের যখন হঠাৎ হসপিটাল সুবিধা প্রয়োজন তখন এটার ব্যয়ভার সরকার বহন করবে ।

8.Ans.B.answer location,1.medical ,lines 3-4,however students will have to take out insurance such as Multiplan to cover the costs of all visits to doctors and other non emergency medical situations .ব্যাখা ,minor সমস্যার জন্য মাল্টিপ্লান পলিসি কাজ করবে ।

9.Ans.D.answer location,1.medical ,para no 2 ,if you have a serious accident or illness ,Multiplan insurance will cover the cost of your flight back to Australia ,if required depending on the circumstances ,this may also pay for either medical personnel or a family member to accompany you home .ব্যাখা,যদি কোন ছাত্র বিদেশে থাকা অবস্থায় অসুস্থ হয়ে পড়ে তখন তার পরিবার এর সদস্য যেতে পারবে এবং তা মাল্টিপ্লান পলিসি সেটার খরচ বহন করবে ।

10.Ans.D.answer location,1.medical ,para no 3, if you do require medical treatment overseas ,and you want to make a claim on your insurance ,the claim will not accepted unless you produce both your student card and your travel insurance card .ব্যাখা ,আপনার প্রমান সরুপ যদি ছাত্র হিসেবে কার্ড না থাকে বা ভ্রমন বীমা না থাকে তা হলে আপনি মেডিকেল সুবিধা দাবি করতে পারবেন না বিদেশে থাকা অবস্থায় ।

11.Ans.C.answer location,2.belongings,this covers any loss or theft of your everyday belongings .for example ,this insurance covers ;the present value of items that are stolen ,provided that you have purchase receipts for every item ;if no receipts ,no payments can be made ,replacement value of your briefcase or backpack and study books,portable computers and CD players ,if you specially list them as items in the policy .ব্যাখা ,যদি একজন ছাত্র ট্রাবেল ইন্সুরেন্স কার্ড হারিয়ে ফেলেন সে ক্ষেত্রে মাল্টিপ্লান পলিসি কাভার করবে না ।

12.Ans.B.answer location,2.belongings , the present value of items that are stolen ,provided that you have purchase receipts for every item,if no receipts ,no payment can be made ,replacement value of your briefcase or backpack and study books,ব্যাখা ,যদি কোন ছাত্র বই হারিয়ে ফেলে তখন এটি মাল্টিপ্লান পলিসি কাভার করবে ।

13.Ans.D.answer locatiuon,2 belongings ,this covers any loss or theft of your everyday belongings .for example,this insurance covers ;the present value of items that are stolen ,provided that you have purchase receipts for every item;if no receipts ,no payment can be made ,replacement value of your briefcase or backpack and study books ,portable computers and CD,if you specifically list them as items in the policy .here is portable computers or laptops can also be claimed ,but this has to be specifically as items in the policy .ব্যাখা,যদি একজন ছাত্রের ল্যাপটপ হারিয়ে যায় তখন কিছু কিছু ক্ষেত্রে ইন্সুরেন্স কাভার করবে ।

14.Ans.C.answer location,3.cancellation ,this insurance covers any non-refundable deposit and other costs you have paid ,if you have to cancel due to unforeseen or unforeseeable circumstances outside your control .it does not provide cover ,if you change your study or travel plans for other reasons.ব্যাখ্যা ,একজন ছাত্র যদি চায় সে তার ইচ্ছানূ্যায়ী বিদেশ ভ্রমন এর টিকেট পরিবর্তন করতে পারে ।

General Training: Reading and Writing

SECTION 2 Questions 15-27

Read the text below and answer Questions 15–20.

Kenichi Software: security guidelines for staff

General

It is in everyone’s interest to maintain a high level of security in the workplace. You should immediately challenge any person who appears to be on the premises without proper authorisation, or inform a senior member of staff about any odd or unusual activity

Company Property

You are advised that it is within the company’s legal rights to detain any person on the grounds that they may be involved in the unauthorised removal of company property. The company reserves the right to search staff members leaving or entering the premises and to inspect any article or motor vehicle on company property. It is a condition of employment that you submit to such action if requested.

It is in your own interest to ensure that you have proper authority before removing any item of company property from a company building. Any member found removing company property from the building without proper authority will be subject to disciplinary action.

Identity Badges

You will be issued with an identity badge, which should be worn at all times when you are on company premises. The purpose of these badges is to safeguard our security. Badges are issued by Human Resources, and contractors and people visiting the company on a one-off basis are also obliged to wear them.

Confidential Matters

In the course of your work you may have access to information relating to the company’s business, or that of a supplier or customer. Such material, even where it appears comparatively trivial, can have a serious effect on the company, supplier or customer if it falls into the wrong hands. It is, therefore, essential that you should at all times be aware of the serious view the company would take of disclosure of such material to outsiders.

You must treat as confidential all information, data, specifications, drawings and all documents relating to the company’s business and/or its trading activities, and not divulge, use, or employ them except in the company’s service. Before you leave the company, you must hand over to your manager all private notes relevant to the company’s business, activities, prices, accounts, costs etc. Legal proceedings may be initiated for any misuse or unauthorised disclosure of such confidential information, whether during employment or afterwards.

Reading

Questions 15-20

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 15–20 on your answer sheet.

15) If you see anything suspicious, you should report it to a ………………. employee.

16) If the company wants to stop you and ………………… you, you have to agree to it.

17) If you take things belonging to the cornpany without permission, you will face

18) Staff, …………………… and visitors must all wear a badge on company premises.

19) You must not pass on confidential information to …………………..

20) If you leave the company, you have to hand in any ………………….. you have made on matters concerning the company.

General Training: Reading and Writing

Read the text below and answer Questions 21–27.

Is Everyone Entitled To Paid Holidays?

The Working Time Regulations (WTRS) introduced a new right to paid holidays for most workers. However, some workers were not covered when the WTRs came into force in October 1998. Since the regulations were amended, with effect from 1 August 2003, the majority of these workers have been entitled to paid holidays, and since 1 August 2004 the regulations have also applied to junior doctors.

Workers who qualify are entitled to no fewer than four weeks of paid holiday a year, and public holidays (normally eight days in England and Wales) count towards this. However, workers and employers can agree longer holidays.

For the first year of work, special accrual rules apply. For each month of employment, workers are entitled to one twelfth of the annual holiday. After the first year of employment, you can take your holiday entitlement at any time, with your employer’s approval.

Before taking holidays, you must give your employer notice of at least twice the length of the holiday you want to take: for instance, to take a five-day holiday, you must give at least ten days’ notice.

If your employer does not want you to take that holiday, they can give you counter-notice equal to the holiday – for example, five days’ notice not to take a five-day holiday. If the employer wants you to take holiday at a given time, e.g. when there is a shutdown at the same time every year, they must give you notice of at least twice the length of the holiday. There is no right for the worker to take that holiday at a different time.

Holiday cannot be carried over to the next year, unless your contract of employment allows this to happen. Nor can you be paid in lieu of your holiday. However, when you leave the job, you are entitled to receive payment for any outstanding holiday, provided your contract specifically allows for this.

It may be that your contract gives you better rights, or your holiday rights might be specified in a collective agreement. Your union representative can advise you on this.

Reading

Questions 21-27

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 21–27 on your answer sheet.

21) In what year were the regulations extended to cover most of the workers who were originally excluded?

22) What is the minimum annual paid holiday which workers are entitled to?

23) During a worker’s first year of employment, what proportion of their annual holiday does a month’s work give?

24) What can an employer give a worker to stop them taking holiday that they have requested?

25) What is given as a possible reason for an employee having to take a holiday at a certain time?

26) When an employee leaves their job, what should be given in place of any holiday they have not taken?

27) Apart from a contract, what type of document may set out an employee’s holiday rights?

Section 2

Question (15-27)

QUESTION 15-20

15.Ans.senior,answer location,General section,last lines of the section,it is in everyone interest to maintain a high level of security in the workplace .you should immediately challenge any person who appears to be on the premises without proper authorisation or inform a senior member of staff about any odd or unusual activity.ব্যাখা ,যদি কোন ধরনের অসংগতি থাকে তা হলে সেটি সিনিয়র দের জানাতে হবে ।

16.Ans.search,answer location,company property section,lines 1-6,you are advised that it is within the company’s legal rights to detain any person on the grounds that they may be involved in the unauthorised removal of company property .the company reserves the right to search staff members leaving or entering the premises.ব্যাখা যদি কোম্পানি চায় তা হলে প্রবেশ এবং ত্যাগ এর ক্ষেত্রে তল্লাশি চালাতে পারে ।

17.Ans.Disciplinary action ,answer location,company property,2^nd paragraph ,any member found removing company property from the building without proper authority will be subject to disciplinary action.ব্যাখা,যদি আপনি কোন ধরনের জিনিস অনুমতি ছাড়া গ্রহন করেন তখন আপনার বিরুদ্ধে কার্যকরী পদক্ষেপ নেওয়া হবে ।

18.Ans.contractors,answer location,identity badge,lines 5-7,badges are issued by human resources and contractors and people visiting the company on a one-off basis are also obliged to wear them.ব্যাখা ,কন্ট্রাকটর এবং দর্শক রা identity badge পড়তে হবে সবাইকে ।

19.Ans.outsiders,answer location,section 4,confidential matters ,lines 8-11,it is therefore essential that you should at all times be aware of the serious view the company would take of disclosure of such material to outsiders .ব্যাখা ,অবশ্যই company এর confidential তথ্য যেন বাহিরে না যায় এই বিষয়ে সচেতন থাকতে হবে ।

20,Ans,(private)notes ,answer location,section 4,confenditial matters ,lines 17-21,before you leave the company ,you must hand over to your manager all private notes relevant to the company’s business ,activities,prices,accounts ,costs etc .ব্যাখা ,company ছাড়ার পূর্বে অবশ্যই গুরুত্ব পূর্ণ বিষয় অবগত করতে হবে নোট এর মাধ্যমে ।

Question 21-27(short answer to open question)

21.2003,answer location,1^st paragraph ,lines 3-6,since the regulation were amended ,with effect from 1 august 2003 the majority of these workers have been entitled to paid holidays ,and since 1 august 2004 the regulations have also applied to junior doctors .ব্যাখা ,প্রশ্নে বলা হয়েছে কোন বছর সবাইকে একিভূত করা হয়েছিল ,যারা পূর্বে এই তালিকার বাহিরে ছিল ।

22.4 weeks(a year ),answer location,paragraph 2,workers who equally are entitled to no fewer than four weeks of paid holiday a year and public holidays ,normally eight days in England and wales,count towards this ,however,workers and employers can agree longer holidays . ব্যাখা ,বাৎসরিক নূন্যতম কত দিন paid work holiday দেওয়া হবে ,বছরে ৪ সপ্তাহ ।

23.Ans,one twelfth,answer location,paragraph no :3,lines 2-3,for the first year of work special accrual rules apply .for each month of employment ,workers are entitled to one-twelfth of the annual holiday .ব্যাখা প্রথম বছর কাজ করার সময় হলিডে হিসেবে মাত্র ১–১২ দিন দেওয়া হবে ।

24.Ans,(equal )counter-notice,answer location,paragraph no :4,lines 3-4,if your employer does not want to take that holiday ,they can give you counter –notice equal to the holiday .ব্যাখা ,যদি কেউ হলিডেতে ছুটি নিতে আগ্রহী না হয় তখন একটি কাউন্টার নোটিশ প্রদান করতে হবে ।

25.Ans,shutdown ,answer location ,paragraph : 5, if the employer wants to take holiday at a given time ,when there is a shutdown at the same time every year,they must give you notice of at least twice the length of the holiday .ব্যাখা,কোন ও নির্দিস্ট সময়ে ছুটি নিতে কর্মচারির সম্ভাব্য কারন হিসেবে কী দেওয়া তা উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে।

26.Ans,payment/outstanding holiday payment ,answer location,paragraph no :6,Lines 3-5,however,when you leave the job ,you are entitled to receive payment for any outstanding holiday ,provided your contract specifically allows for this .ব্যাখা,যখন কেউ জব ছাড়বে তখন হলিডের কোন পাওনা থাকলে তা দিত্তে হবে ।

27.Ans,collective agreement ,answer location ,last paragraph ,lines 1-2, it may be that your contract gives you better rights or your holiday rights might be specified in a collective agreement .ব্যাখা,যোগাযোগ ছাড়াও চাকরির ছুটীর ক্ষেত্রে কোন ডকুমেন্ট প্রয়োজন ।

SECTION 3 Questions 28–40

Questions 28–33

The text on pages 113 and 114 has eight sections, A-H.

Choose the correct heading for sections C-H from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i–xi, in boxes 28–33 on your answer sheet.

28 Section C

29 Section D

30 Section E

31 Section F

32 Section G

33 Section H

Reading

Snake Oil

Back in the days of America’s Wild West, when cowboys roamed the range and people were getting themselves caught up in gunfights, a new phrase – ‘snake oil’ – entered the language. It was a dismissive term for the patent medicines, often useless, sold by travelling traders who always claimed miraculous cures for everything from baldness to snakebite.

Selling ‘snake oil was almost as risky a business as cattle stealing; you might be run out of town if your particular medicine, as you realised it would, failed to live up to its claims. Consequently, the smarter ‘snake oil’ sellers left town before their customers had much chance to evaluate the ‘cure’ they had just bought.

The remarkable thing about many of the medicines dismissed then as ‘snake oil is not so much that they failed to live up to the outrageous claims made for them – those that weren’t harmless coloured water could be positively dangerous. What’s remarkable is that so many of the claims made for some of these remedies, or at least their ingredients, most of them plant based, have since been found to have at least some basis in fact.

One, Echinacea, eventually turned out to be far more potent than even its original promoter claimed. Echinacea first appeared in ‘Meyer’s Blood Purifier’, promoted as a cure-all by a Dr H.C.F. Meyer-a lay doctor with no medical qualifications. ‘Meyer’s Blood Purifier claimed not only to cure snakebite, but also to eliminate a host of other ailments.

Native to North America, the roots of Echinacea, or purple coneflower, had been used by the Plains Indians for all kinds of ailments long before Meyer came along. They applied poultices of it to wounds and stings, used it for teeth and gum disease and made a tea from it to treat everything from colds and measles to arthritis. They even used it for snakebite.
Settlers quickly picked up on the plant’s usefulness but until Meyer sent samples of his ‘blood purifier’ to John Lloyd, a pharmacist, it remained a folk remedy. Initially dismissing Meyer’s claims as nonsense, Lloyd was eventually converted after a colleague, John King, tested the herb and successfully used it to treat bee stings and nasal congestion. In fact, he went much further in his claims than Meyer ever did and by the 1890s a bottle of tincture’ of Echinacea could be found in almost every American home, incidentally making a fortune for Lloyd’s company, Lloyd Brothers Pharmacy.
As modern antibiotics became available, the use of Echinacea products declined and from the 1940s to the 1970s it was pretty much forgotten in the USA. It was a different story in Europe, where both French and German herbalists and homeopaths continued to make extensive use of it.

It had been introduced there by Gerhard Madaus, who travelled from Germany to America in 1937, returning with seed to establish commercial plots of Echinacea. His firm conducted extensive research on echinacin, a concentrate they made from the juice of flowering tops of the plants he had brought back. It was put into ointments, liquids for internal and external use, and into products for injections.

There is no evidence that Echinacea is effective against snakebite, but Dr Meyer – who genuinely believed in Echinacea – would probably be quite amused if he could come back and see the uses to which modern science has put ‘his’ herb. He might not be surprised that science has confirmed Echinacea’s role as a treatment for wounds, or that it has been found to be helpful in relieving arthritis, both claims Meyer made for the herb.

He might though be surprised to learn how Echinacea is proving to be an effective weapon against all sorts of disease, particularly infections. German researchers had used it successfully to treat a range of infections and found it to be effective against bacteria and protozoa?.

There are many other intriguing medical possibilities for extracts from the herb, but its apparent ability to help with our more common ailments has seen thousands of people become enthusiastic converts. Dozens of packaged products containing extracts of Echinacea can now be found amongst the many herbal remedies and supplements on the shelves of health stores and pharmacies. Many of those might be the modern equivalents of ‘snake oil’, but Echinacea at least does seem to have some practical value.

Echinacea is a dry prairie plant, drought-resistant and pretty tolerant of most soils, although it does best in good soil with plenty of sun. Plants are usually grown from seed but they are sometimes available from nurseries. Echinacea is a distinctive perennial with erect, hairy, spotted stems up to a metre tall. Flower heads look like daisies, with purple rayed florets and a dark brown central cone. The leaves are hairy; the lower leaves are oval to lance-shaped and coarsely and irregularly toothed.
There are nine species of Echinacea in all but only three are generally grown for medicinal use. All have similar medicinal properties. Most European studies have used liquid concentrates extracted from the tops of plants, whereas extraction in the USA has usually been from the roots. Today most manufacturers blend both, sometimes adding flowers and seeds to improve the quality.

For the home grower, the roots of all species seem equally effective. Dig them up in autumn after the tops have died back after the first frost. Wash and dry them carefully and store them in glass containers. You can harvest the tops throughout the summer and even eat small amounts of leaf straight from the plant.

Even if you don’t make your fortune from this herb, there are few sights more attractive than a field of purple coneflowers in all their glory. And with a few Echinacea plants nearby, you’ll never go short of a cure.

Reading

Questions 34-40

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?

In boxes 34–40 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

34) ‘Snake oil’ sellers believed their product was effective.

35) Most people in the Wild West mistrusted ‘snake oil’.

36) Some ‘snake oils’ were mostly water.

37) All ‘snake oils’ contained Echinacea.

38) Echinacea has been proven to kill microbes.

39) The highest quality Echinacea is grown in America.

40) More than one part of the Echinacea plant has a medicinal use.

Section 3

Question 28-40

Question 28-33

28.Ans,Ⅴ,answer location,paragraph C,native to north America ,the roots of Echinacea or purple coneflower,had been used by the plains Indians for all kinds of ailments long before meyer came along .they applied poultices of it to wounds and stings ,used it for teeth and gum disease and mode a tea from it to treat everything from colds and measles to arthritis ,They even used it for snakebite .ব্যাখা ,পূর্বে Echinacea কি কি কাজে ব্যবহার করা হত ,তা উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে ।

29.Ans,Ⅶ,answer location,section D,settlers quickly picked up on the plants usefulness but until meyer (Dr H.C.F Meyer sent samples of his blood purifier to John Lioyd,a pharmacist,it remained a folk remedy .initially dismissing Meyers claims as nonsense ,Lioyd was eventually converted after a colleague ,John king ,tested the herb and successfully used it to treat bee stings and nasal congestion ,,,here is usefulness/effectiveness of Echinacea began with Dr meyer sending samples of the plant to john Lioyd .ব্যাখা,প্রাক প্রাথমিক গবেষণা এর মধ্যে Echinacea এর কার্যকারিতা প্রকাশ করা হয়েছে।

30.Ans,Ⅸ,answer location,section E,lines 2-6,it was a different story in Europe ,where both French and German herbalists and homeopaths continued to make extensive use of it.It had been introduced there by Gerhard Madaus ,who travelled from Germany to America in 1937,returning with seed to establish commercial plots of Echinacea.ব্যাখা, নতুন নতুন জায়গায় Echinacea ব্যবহার শুরু করা হয় ।

31.Ans,Ⅹ,answer location,section F,would probably be quite amused if he could come back and see the uses to which modern science has put his herb ,he might not be surprised that science has confirmed Echinacea’s role as a treatment for wounds or that it has been found to be helpful in relieving arthritis ,both claims Meyer made for the herb .ব্যাখা,আধুনিক সময়ে প্রমান পাওয়া যায় Echinacea এর কার্যকারিতা ।

32.Ans,Ⅲ,answer location,section G,Echinacea is a dry prairie plant ,drought –resistant and pretty tolerant of most soils ,although it does best in good soil with plenty of sun .plants are usually grown from seed but they are sometimes available from nurseries ,ব্যাখা,Echinacea গাছের বেড়ে ওঠা র কথা বলা হয়েছে ।

33.Ans,Ⅳ,answer location ,section H,lines 2-5,all have similar medicinal properties .Most European studies have used liquid concentrates extracted from the tops of plants ,whereas extraction in the USA has usually been from the roots .Today most manufactures blend both ,sometimes adding flowers and seeds to improve the quality .কি ভাবে Echinacea plant ব্যবহার করা হয় ।

Question 34-40 TRUE ,FALSE,NOT GIVEN

34.Ans,False,answer location,section A ,paragraph no ; 2 ,selling snake oil was almost as risky a business as cattle stealing ;you might be run out of town if your particular medicine ,as you realised it would failed to live up to its claims .Consequently the smarter snake oil sellers left town before their customers had much chance to evaluate the cure the had just bought,ব্যাখা, snake oil বিক্রেতারা মনে করেন তাদের product টি কার্যকরী ছিল ।

35.Ans,Not Given,there is no information on this .এই বিষয়ে কোন কিছু উল্লেখ করা হয়নি ।

36.Ans,TRUE ,answer location,section B,paragraph 1,lines the remarkable thing about many of the medicines dismissed then as snake oil is not so much that they failed to live up the outrageous claims made for them –those that weren’t harmless coloured water could be positively dangerous ,ব্যাখা,কিছু snake oil বেশিরভাগই পানি ছিল ।

37.Ans,False,answer location,section B, end of paragraph 1 Paragraph 2,what’s remarkable is that so many of the claims made for some of these remedies or at least their ingredients ,most of them plant based ,have since been found to have at least some basis in fact .One Echinacea ,eventually turned our to be far more potent than even its original promoter claimed .ব্যাখা,প্রশ্নে বলা হয়েছে All snake oil contained Echinacea কিন্তু passage এ উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে some of the plant contained ,তাই ইনফরমেশন টি false .

38.Ans,True,answer location,section F,paragraph no 2,lines 1-4 ,he might though be surprised to learn how Echinacea is providing to be an effective weapon against all sorts of disease ,particularly infections Germany researchers had used it successfully to treat a range of infections are found it to be effective against bacteria and protozoa.ব্যাখা,Echinacea প্রমান করেছে যে microbe কে ধংস করতে পারে ।

39.Ans ,Not Given , there is no information ,ব্যাখা,এই বিষয়ে কিছুই উল্লেখ করা হয়নি ।

40.Ans,True,section H,paragraph no 1,lines 2-5,most European studies have used liquid concentrates extracted from the the tops of plants ,whereas extraction in the USA has usually been from the roots .Today most manufacturers blend both ,sometimes adding flowers and seeds to improve the quality .ব্যাখা,Echinacea গাছের প্রায় সব অংশ medical এ ব্যবহার করা যায় ।

Most Common vocubulary for IELTS GT

Main word	Meaning	Synnoyms or definition
Instruction	wb‡`©k	A direction or order
Intelligence	বুদ্ধিমান	Talent,knowledge
Interact	পরস্পর এর উপর ক্রিয়া	Interlude
Interval	বিরতি	Midest ,interim
Investigation	তদন্ত	Inquiry,search
Isolated	ভিন্ন	Different ,other
Justification	ন্যায্যতা	Self-defence,excuse
Lecture	e³…Zv	Education,lesson
Liberal	উদার	Generous,noble
Migration	এক দেশ থেকে অন্য দেশে যাওয়া	Traffic,passage
Accommodation	সংস্থান	Place ,land
Accompany	সাহায্য করা	Go together,descant
Advance	অগ্রিম	First,foreward
Analogous	অনুরূপ	Similar,like
Anticipate	প্রত্যাশা করা	Relate,aim
Appendix	পরিশিষ্ট	Accessory,apanage
Appreciate	মূল্য দেওয়া	Admire,access
Arbitrary	ইচ্ছামত	Free,despotic
Assure	নিশ্চিত	Confirm,secure
Automatically	সয়ংক্রিয়	A device or process
Monitoring	লক্ষ রাখা	Control,rule
Motivation	অনুপ্রেরণা	Inspiration,dictation
Neutral	নিরপেক্ষ	Positive,irrespective
Obvious	অবশ্যই	Manifest,evident
Overseas	বিদেশ	Relating a foreign country
Parameter	স্তিতিমাপ	Measurable factor
Phenomenon	ঘটনার বিষয়	Matter,wonder
Prohibits	নিষিদ্ধ	Inhibit,forbid
Publish	প্রকাশ	Reveal,express
Implicit	অন্তর্নিহিত	Inherent ,profound
Incompatible	বেমানান	Inconsistent,undue
Induce	প্রভাব খাটানো	Set on,beget
Inevitably	অবধারিত রূপ	As is certain to happen
Inherent	সহজাত	Natural,inbourn
Intensity	তীব্রতা	Strength,power
Intermediate	ga¨eZx©	Interior,middle
Internal	অভ্যন্তরীণ	Inside,inward
Manual	ম্যানুয়েল	Done with hands
Mature	পরিণত	Ripe ,addicted
Abandon	পরিত্যাগ করা	Discontinue ,discard
Abate	কমানো	Minimize ,abate
Abrupt	আকস্মিক	Unhoped ,unsuspected
Accumulation	আহরন	Collection,procurement
Acquisition	AR©b	Achievement ,winning
Adjacent	সন্নিহিত	Neighbor,coherent
Aggregate	সমষ্টি	Multitude ,number
Albeit	যদিও	Though,although
Ambiguous	অনিশ্চিত	Oracular,fuzzy
Ancestor	c~e© cyiæl	Father,progenitor
Homogenous	সমজাতীয়	Uniform,like
Inclination	নতি	Bent ,detour
Indulge	ইচ্ছাপূরন করা	Satisfy , favor
Infer	অনুমান করা	Conclude, guess
Initiative	cÖeZ©b	Preliminary , significant
Insight	AšÍ`„wó	Knowledge, imagination
Inspection	cwi`k©b	Experiment ,test
Integral	c~b©	Undivided,whole
Intervention	হস্তক্ষেপ	The action
Intrinsic	আসল	Natural, inborn
Behalf	পক্ষে	Side ,part
Bias	বায়াস	Favor, prejudice
Cease	বন্ধ করুণ	Finish , conclude
Chart	তালিকা	List ,table
Clarity	স্পস্টতা	Visuality,baldness
Coherence	সংহতি	Accord , keeping
Coincide	একসাথে	Associate,coincide
Commodity	পন্য	Merchandise,stake
Confirm	নিশ্চিত	Ensure, assure
Contemporary	সমসাময়িক	Coincident ,living
Medium	মাধ্যম	Moderate ,average
Military	সামরিক	Fighting ,wartime
Mutual	পারস্পরিক	Reciprocal
Norms	নিয়ম	Ideal , law
Notion	ধারনা	Faith,concept
Nuclear	পারমানবিক	Relating with nucleus cell
Objective	উদ্দেশ্য	Motive ,purpose
Paragraph	অনুচ্ছেদ	Section,item
Passive	নিক্রিয়	Inactive ,unemployed
Perceive	উপলব্ধি	Access ,discern
Assembly	সমাবেশ	Meeting ,gathering
Assessment	মুল্যায়ন	Measurement , appreciation
Assign	Ac©b	Set ,employ
Attain	AR©b	Earn , realize
Avert	প্রতিরোধ	Avoid, avert
Coal	কয়লা	Charcoal,cinder
Collapse	ধংস	Fall,downfall
Colleagues	সহKgx©	Specially in a profession
Combat	যুদ্ধ	War ,battle
Commit	প্রতিশ্রুতি	Dedicate ,surrender
Invoke	আবাহন করা	Call,invite
Justify	ন্যায্যতা	Support,uphold
Likewise	একইভাবে	Alike,together
Link	সংযোগ	Part,section
Manage	ব্যবস্তা	Handle ,conduct
Manipulation	দক্ষতা সহকারে	In a skillful manner
Merge	কিনারা	Mingle,unite
Nonetheless	তবু	But ,yet
Notwithstanding	যদিও	But,still
Odd	অদ্ভুদ	Strange,curious
Pursue	অনুধাবন করা	Explore,search
Rational	যুক্তিসঙ্গত	Knowing, cute
Recovery	পুনঃপ্রাপ্তি	Rescue ,wellness
Reject	বাতিল	Refuse ,rule out
Release	মুক্তি	Liberty,salvation
Reveal	প্রকাশ করা	Publish,uncover
Role	ভূমিকা	An actor’s part
Satisfy	খুশিকরা	Serve,gratify
Scope	সুযোগ	Spread,goal
Sequence	ক্রম	Order,series
Contradict	বিপরীত	Protest,against
Conversely	বিপরীতক্রম	Moreover,besides
Cooperate	সহযোগিতা	Associate,attach
Crucial	কঠোর	Ultimate,eventual
Currency	প্রচলন	Movement,coin
Denote	দান করা	Give in ,impart
Detect	শনাক্ত	Discover,find
Deviation	পথভ্রস্টতা	Handicap,demerit
Device	যন্ত্র	Scheme,machine
Portion	অংশ	Volume,plot
Precede	AMÖeZx©	Forego,lead
Predominantly	মূলত	Another term for predominately
Priority	অগ্রাধিকার	Precedence,antecedence
Prospect	সম্ভাবনা	Hope ,expectation
Qualitative	গুনগত	Talented,organic
Radical	ভিওিগত	Innate, germinal
Random	এলোমেলো	Aimless,ungainly
Reinforce	শক্তিবৃদ্ধি	Line ,amplify
Relax	আরামকরা	Rest ,recline
Compile	সংকলন	Compose,take out
Complement	পরিপূরক	Integer totalise
Comprise	সমন্বিত	Contain,subsume
Conceive	ধারন করা	Imagine,think
Concurrent	সমকালীন	Accompanying ,concomitant

TIPS FOR TRUE FALSE এবং NOT GIVEN

#true : The statement agrees with the information : প্রশ্ন এবং passage অংশ যখন agree করে তখন true হয়ে থাকে ।

#false : The statement contradicts the information : প্রশ্ন এবং passage অংশ বিপরীত বা opposite অর্থ বুঝায় তখন false হয়ে থাকে ।

# Not Given : প্রশ্ন অনুসারে passage এ এই সম্পর্কে কোন ধরনের মন্তব্য নেই ।

#প্রথমত নূন্যতম দুটি প্রশ্ন পড়তে হবে ।

#পর্যায়ক্রমে Answer location আসবে এক সাথে ।

#Quiestion এর ক্ষেত্রে common sense বা General knowledge ব্যবহার করা যাবে না ।passage এ যা রয়েছে তার উপর ভিওি করে উওর প্রদান করতে হবে ।

উদাহরন ঃ যেমন computer এর সুবিধা নিয়ে বলা হয়েছে passage এ কিন্তু প্রশ্নে মূলত computer এর জনক চার্লস ব্যাবেজ এর কথা উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে । সেই ক্ষেত্রে not given আসবে ।কারন passage এ যা উল্লেখ থাকবে সেটির উপর ভিওি করে উওর দিতে হবে ।

SECTION 1 Questions 1–14

Read the text below and answer Questions 1-8.

If you have a problem with shoes you’ve recently bought, follow this four-step plan.

Step 1

Go back to the shop with proof of purchase. If you return faulty shoes at once, you have a right to insist on a refund. It is also likely that you will get one if you change your mind about the shoes and take them back immediately. But, if you delay or you’ve had some use out of the shoes, the shop may not give you all your money back. It depends on the state of the shoes and how long you’ve had them.

If you are offered a credit note, you don’t have to accept it. If you accept it, you will usually not be able to exchange it for cash later on. So, you may be left with an unwanted credit note, if you cannot find any other shoes you want from the shop.

The shop may want to send the shoes back to head office for inspection. This is fair and could help to sort things out. But don’t be put off by the shop which claims that it’s the manufacturer’s responsibility. This isn’t true. It’s the shop’s legal duty to put things right.

Step 2

If you don’t seem to be getting anywhere, you can get help. Free advice is available from a Citizens Advice Bureau (get the address from your telephone book), or from a local Trading Standards Department. Again, consult the telephone directory under County, Regional or Borough Council. All these departments have people who can advise you about faulty goods and what to do with them.

Step 3

Most shops are covered by the Footwear Code of Practice. If the shop you are dealing with is covered, you can ask for the shoes to be sent to the Footwear Testing Centre for an independent opinion. The shop has to agree with whatever the resulting report says. There is a charge of £21. You pay £7 and the shop pays the rest (including postage).

Step 4

As a last resort, you can take your case to court. This is not as difficult as it sounds. The small claims procedure for amounts up to £1000 (£750 in Scotland) is a cheap, easy and informal way of taking legal action.

The relevant forms are available from your nearest County Court or, in Scotland, the Sheriff Court. You can get advice and leaflets from the Citizens Advice Bureau. Alternatively, some bookshops sell advice packs which contain the relevant forms.

General Training: Reading and Writing

Questions 1-8

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text on page 117?

In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1)If you return unwanted shoes straightaway, with a receipt, the shop will probably give you a refund.

2)You are advised to accept a credit note if you are offered one.

3)The factory is responsible for replacing unwanted shoes.

4)You can ask any shoe shop to send shoes to the Footwear Testing Centre.

5)Shops prefer to give a credit note rather than change shoes.

6)The customer contributes to the cost of having faulty shoes tested.

7)The procedure for making a legal claim is easier in Scotland.

8)Legal advice and forms can be bought from certain shops.

Read the text below and answer Questions 9–14.

LOST CARDS

If you discover that your credit card, cheque book, debit card or cash card is missing, telephone the credit card company or bank as soon as possible. Follow this up with a letter. If you suspect theft, tell the police as well. In most circumstances, provided you act quickly, you will not have to pay any bills which a thief runs up on your account. Most home insurance policies will also cover you against even this limited risk.

Because plastic money is now so common, central registration schemes such as Credit Card Shield and Card Protection System exist to help customers whose cards are lost or stolen. Under the schemes you file details of all your cards – including cash cards and account cards issued by shops – with a central registry, for a small annual fee. Then, if any or all of your cards are stolen, you need to make only one phone call to the registry, which is open around the clock 365 days a year. As soon as you have called, your responsibility for any bills run up by the thief ends and the scheme’s staff make sure that all the companies whose cards you had are notified.

What you stand to lose on a stolen card

CREDIT CARD You will not have to pay more than £50 of the bills a thief runs up with your card. If you report the loss before the card is used, you will not have to pay anything

CHEQUES AND GUARANTEE CARD Unless you have been careless – by signing blank cheques, say – you will not have to pay for any forged cheques a thief uses. The bank or shop that accepts them will have to bear the loss.

DEBIT CARD (Switch or Visa Delta) The banks operate a system similar to that for credit cards, in that you are liable for bills up to £50.

If your cash card is stolen

Legally, you can be made to pay back any sums a thief withdraws using your card, but only up to the time you report the loss and up to £50, unless the bank can prove gross negligence, such as writing your personal identification number on your card.

Never keep your card and a note of your personal number (which does not appear on the card) together.
Memories your personal number if possible. If you must make a note of it, disguise it as something else – a telephone number, say.
The same rules and precautions apply to a credit card used as a cash card.

General Training: Reading and Writing

Questions 9–14

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes 9–14 on your answer sheet.

9)What should you do first if you lose a credit card?

A contact your insurance company

B write a letter

C contact the police

D make a phone call

10)Credit Card Shield is

A an insurance company which deals with card theft.

B a system for registering people’s card details.

C an emergency telephone answering service.

D an agency for finding lost or stolen cards.

11)When contacted, the Card Protection System company will

A inform the police about the loss of the card.

B get in touch with the relevant credit card companies.

C ensure that lost cards are replaced.

D give details about the loss of the card to shops.

12)You are fully covered by both banks and shops if you lose

A a cheque that is signed but not otherwise completed.

B a blank unsigned cheque.

C a Switch card.

D a credit card.

13)If you have written your personal number on a stolen card, you may have to

A join a different credit card protection scheme.

B pay up to £50 for any loss incurred.

C pay for anything the thief buys on it.

D change your account to a different bank.

14)What happens if your cash card is stolen?

A You arrange for the card to be returned.

B The bank stops you withdrawing money.

C You may have to pay up to £50 of any stolen money.

D You cannot use a cash card in future.

Section 1

Question 1-14

1.Ans,TRUE,answer location,step 1 ,paragraph 1 ,lines 1-3,Go back to the shop with proof of purchase,if you return faulty shoes at once ,you have a right to insist on a refund is also likely that you will get one if you change your mind about the shoes and take them back immediately .ব্যাখা,যদি আপনি ক্র্য় রশিদ সহ পন্য ফিরত দিতে পারেন তা হলে টাকা ফেরৎ পাবেন

2.Ans,FALSE,answer location,step 1 ,paragraph no 2,line 1,if you are offered a credit note,you don’t have to accept it .ব্যাখা,প্রশ্নে বলা হয়েছে credit note accept করার জন্য ,কিন্তু passage বলা হয়েছে don’t have to accept .

3.Ans,FALSE,answer location,step 1,paragraph no 3,lines 2-3,but don’t be put off by the shop which claims that it’s the manufacture’s responsibility.this isn’t true .ব্যাখা ,আপনার unwated shoes এর জন্য factory দায়ী নয় ।

4.Ans,FALSE,answer location ,step 3,most shops are covered by the footwear code of practice ,if the shop you are dealing with is covered .you can ask for the shoes to be sure to the footwear testing centre for an independent opinion.ব্যাখা,আপনি যেকোন shoe shop কে বলতে পারবেন না ,জুতাটি footwear testing centre এ পাটানোর জন্য ।

5.Ans,NOT GIVEN ,there is no information on this ,ব্যাখা,এই বিষয়ে কিছু উল্লেখ করা হয়নি ,।

6.Ans,TRUE,answer location,step 3.lines 3-4,the shop has to agree with whatever the resulting report says .there is a charge of £21.you pay £7 the shop pays the rest (including postage )ব্যাখা,faulty shoes testing center এ পাঠাতে হলে কাস্টমারকে ও কিছু টাকা প্রদান করতে হবে ।

7.Ans,NOT GIVEN ,there is no information on this ,ব্যাখা,এই বিষয়ে কিছুই উল্লেখ করা হয়নি ।

8.Ans,TRUE,answer location ,last sentence of this passage,alternatively some bookshops sell advice packs which contain the relevant forms.ব্যাখা,কিছু কিছু shop এ legal advice and forms কিনতে পাওয়া যায় ।

Question 9-14 multiple choice question

9. Ans ,D,answer location,1^st paragraph,lines 1-2,if you discover that your credit card ,cheque book ,debit card or cash card is missing ,telephone the credit card company or bank as soon as possible .ব্যাখা,তুমার কি করা উচিৎ ,যদি credit card হারিয়ে যায় ।

10.Ans,B,answer location,2^nd paragraph ,lines 1-4,because plastic money is now so common ,central registration schemes such as credit card shield and card protection system exist to help customers whose cards .ব্যাখা,credit card এর shield দিয়ে কাস্টমার এর তথ্য সমূহ সংরক্ষন করা হয় ।

11.Ans,B,answer location,paragraph no :2 ,at the end of the paragraph ,as soon as you have called , your responsibility for any bills run up by the thief ends and the scheme’s make sure that all the companies whose cards you had are notified .ব্যাখা,যখন আপনি card protection company এর সাথে যোগাযোগ করবেন ,তখন তারা ঐ কার্ড company এর সাথে যোগাযোগ করবে ।

12.Ans,B,answer location,cheque and guarantee card section,unless you have been careless by singing blank cheques say,you will not have to pay for any forged cheques a thief uses .The bank or shop that accepts them will have to bear the loss .ব্যাখা,যদি আপনি sign না করা চেক হারান ,তখন যদি ব্যাংক বা সপ এটির দায় ভার বহন করবে ,যদি তারা সেটি গ্রহন করে ।

13.Ans,C,answer location,if your cash is stolen section,legally you can be made to pay back any sums a thief withdraws using your card ,unless the bank can prove gross negligence ,such as writing your personal identification number on your card.ব্যাখা,আপনি যদি কার্ডের উপর personal identification number লিখে রাখেন তা হলে ,আপনাকে অবশ্যই টাকা দিতে হবে ,যদি thief এটা দিয়ে ক্রয় করে ।

14.Ans,C,answer location,if your cash is stolen ,legally you can be made to pay back any sums a thief withdraws using your card ,but only up to the time you report the loss and up to £50 ,ব্যাখা,আপনার কি করা উচিৎ যদি আপনার cash card যদি হারিয়ে যায় ।

SECTION 2 Questions 15–27

Read the text on pages 121 and 122 and answer Questions 15–21.

Recycling at work – handy hints to employers

It is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of their annual revenue. Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient, businesses not only increase profits but they also save natural resources.

On the island of Jersey, for example, the amount of waste produced each year has doubled since 1980. In 2004 it topped 100,000 tonnes – and 60% is generated by local businesses. A lot of waste for a small island!

Setting up a company scheme

Waste audit

Before starting a recycling scheme, perform an audit. This will make you aware of how much waste you are producing in the company.

Company policy

Consider switching your office waste contractor to one that provides a recycling service.

Buy recycled paper. Although this is sometimes more expensive, costs can be reduced by lowering consumption and using duplex printers.

Get everyone involved

Raise awareness internally within the company, perhaps by putting up educational posters.
Allocate a person to be the point of contact for anyone with queries.

There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation:

Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can reduce their waste the most within a specific time period.
Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements. Staff will then see the impact their actions are having.

What to recycle and how

Paper

According to a recent survey, 65% of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace, but it is not necessary to discard it. It can serve a variety of purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be re-used for internal mail.

Plastic cups

Rather than supplying disposable plastic cups in your workplace, get ceramic mugs that can be re-used. Not only do they make your tea taste better, but they can reduce your office waste by up to 1%!

Electrical equipment

Rather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try upgrading it? This reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a new machine – a process which creates

a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old computers to charities when it comes to replacing them.

Questions 15–21

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 15–21 on your answer sheet.

15) What does the writer think should be carried out in a company before it starts recycling?

16) What machines can help to cut the stationery budget?

17) What can be displayed in the workplace to publicise the recycling scheme?

18) What can be distributed to motivate staff to recycle more?

19) What can unwanted paper be used for in the office?

20) What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments?

21) Where can unwanted PCs be sent?

Read the text below and answer Questions 22-27.

How to answer any interview question

To start, take a tip from consultants who coach executives on how to handle media interviews. They say you can deliver the message you want to an employer, regardless of the question you’re asked.

‘Unlike some politicians, who take no notice of press questions and immediately introduce a different topic in response, job candidates must answer employers’ queries,’ says John Barford of the interview training firm Genesis. ‘However, you can quickly make the transition from your answer to the important points you want to convey about your qualifications,’ he says.

He advises candidates at job interviews to apply the formula Q = A + 1: Q is the question; A is the answer; + is the bridge to the message you want to deliver; and 1 is the point you want to make.

Diligent preparation is also necessary to effectively answer any interview question, say senior executives. They give a number of useful tips:

Learn as much as you can beforehand. Ask company employees questions prior to job interviews to gain as much insight as you can. If the company is publicly owned, find out how viable it is by reading shareholder reports. You can then tailor what you say to the company’s issues.
Be prepared for questions that require you to show how you handled difficult challenges. These questions require stories in response, but as it’s unlikely that you’ll have one that fits every situation, try to recall some from your past experience that show how you coped with a range of issues.
Count on being asked about a past mistake or blemish on your career record, and don’t try to dodge the issue. Ms Murphy, president of the Murphy Group, a media interview training firm, says that it’s important to steer clear of lies at all costs. Just answer the question and move on.
When discussing a mistake, focus on the positive outcomes. ‘You learn as much by dropping the ball as you do by catching it,’ says senior executive Mr Friedmann. When he was being interviewed for his current job, he mentioned he had been involved in many successful turnarounds and one that failed. ‘And I said how I’d benefited in many ways from going through that experience,’ he says.

General Training: Reading and Writing

Questions 22–27

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet.

22) The writer warns candidates not to imitate the way that ………………… ignore questions in interviews.

23) Interviewees are recommended to follow a certain ………………… to allow them to communicate their main points.

24) Senior executives advise candidates to request information from before an interview.

25) A candidate can also learn about a business by studying its

26) The head of an interview training firm advises people to avoid telling ……..

27)In his job interview, one executive explained how he had ………………… considerably from a previous failure.

Section 2

Question 15-27

15.Ans,(an)audit/(waste)audit,answer location, setting up a company scheme section,waste audit part,..Before starting a recycling scheme ,perform an audit .This will make you aware of how much waste you are producing in the company .ব্যাখা,অথাৎ recycling শুরুর পূর্বে একটি company এর কি করা উচিৎ?মূলত recycling শুরুর পূর্বে পরিকল্পনা করে ,এর নিরীক্ষা করতে হবে ।

16.Ans,(duplex)printers ,answer location,setting up a company scheme section,company policy part,,,But recycled paper .Although this is something more expensive ,cost can be reduced by lowering consumption and using duplex printers .ব্যাখা,stationery ব্যয় কমাতে কোন মেশিন সাহায্য করতে পারে ,যেটা duplex printers এর মাধ্যমে ।

17.Ans,(educational )posters,answer location,setting up a company scheme ,get everyone involved part ,1^st point ,raise awareness internally within the company ,perhaps by putting up educational posters.ব্যাখা,কি ভাবে প্রচার করতে হবে কর্মক্ষেত্রে recycling পরিকল্পনা নিয়ে ?সেখানে educational posters দিতে হবে সচেতনতা বৃদ্ধির জন্য ।

18.Ans,(regular)newsletters,answer location,setting up a company scheme,get everyone involved part,,4^th point.Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements .staff will then see the impact their actions are having .ব্যাখা,কর্মীদের মধ্যে উৎসাহ বাড়াতে তাদের মাঝে কি বিতরন করা যেতে পারে ?প্রতিনিয়ত news letter পাঠাতে হবে waste এর improvement সম্পর্কে ।

19.Ans,(writing)notes,answer location,what to recycle and how,paper part,according to a recent survey ,65% of waste produced is paper waste .The waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace ,but it is not necessary to discard it .It can serve a variety of purpose before it is recycled ,such as writing notes…ব্যাখা,অফিসে অপ্রয়োজনীয় কাগজ কি কাজে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে ?এটি বিভিন্ন কাজে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে ,যেমন writing notes .

20.Ans,(ceramic)mugs,answer location,what to recycle and how section,plastic cups,Rather than supplying disposable plastic cups in the workplace ,get ceramic mugs that can be re-used .Not only do they make your tea taste better ,but they can reduce your office waste by up to 1%.ব্যাখা,waste produce না করার জন্য ceramic mugs ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে ,কারন plastic cups পুনরায় ব্যবহার করা যায় না ।

21.Ans,(to)charities,answer location,what to recycle and how section, electrical equipment part,you could also consider donating your old computers to charities when it comes to replacing them.,ব্যাখা,কোথায় আপনার অব্যবহৃত কম্পিউটার পাঠাতে পারেন ?

Question 22-27 (completing the sentences below) no more then two words

22.Ans,(some)politicians,2^nd paragraph,lines 1-4,unlike some politicians ,who take no notice of press question and immediately introduce a different topic in response ,job candidates must answer employer’s queries;says john Barford of the interview training firm Genesis .ব্যাখা,লেখক সতর্ক করেছেন ইন্টারভিউ এর ক্ষেত্রে candidate যেন রাজনীতি বিদদের মত প্রশ্ন এড়িয়ে যায় ।

23.Ans,formula,3^rd paragraph,lines 1-3,He advises candidates at job interviews to apply the formula Q=A+1:Q is the question ;A is the answer ;+is the bridge to the message you want to deliver ,and 1 is the point you want to make .ব্যাখা,candidate এর দের পরামর্শ দেওয়া হয়েছে যেন নির্দিস্ট formula অনুসরন করা হয় ।

24.Ans,(company)employees,answer location,paragraph no 4,Deligent preparation is also necessary to effective answer any interview question ,say senior executive .They give a number of useful tips ; Learn as much as you can beforehand ,Ask company employees question prier to job interviews to gain as much insight as you can .ব্যাখা,senior executive এর পরামর্শ হলো candidate দের অবশ্যই company সম্পর্কে যতেস্ট জ্ঞান থাকা প্রয়োজন ।

25.Ans,shareholders reports, paragraph no 4 ,point 1, If the company is publicly owned ,find out how viable it is by reading shareholder reports .you can then tailor what you say to the company’s issues. ব্যাখা ,একজন candidate ব্যবসা সম্পর্কে যতেস্ট তথ্য জানতে পারবে company এর shareholders report পড়ে ।

26.Ans,Lies,answer location,paragraph no 4, point 3,Count on being asked about a past mistake or blemish on your career record ,and don’t try to dodge the issue .Ms Murphy ,president of the Murphy Group,a media interview training firm ,says that it’s important to steer clear of lies at all costs .Just answer the question and move on .ব্যাখা,interview training ফার্ম এর পরামর্শ মিথ্যা না বলার জন্য যেকোন ভাবে ।

27.Ans,benefited /benefitted ,answer location,paragraph no ,4,point no 4,when he was being interviewed for his current job,he mentioned he had been involved in many successful turnarounds and one that failed.And I said how I’d benefited in many ways from going through that experience;he says .

ব্যাখা,পূর্বের ব্যর্থতা থেকে কিভাবে নতুন ভাবে সফল হয়েছেন ,এবং পূর্বের অভিজ্ঞতা থেকে কিভাবে benefited হয়েছিলেন ।

SECTION 3 Questions 28–40

Read the text on pages 125 and 126 and answer Questions 28–40.

TALKING POINT

Learning a second language fuels children’s intelligence and makes their job prospects brighter. But the fact is, in New Zealand, as in many other English-speaking countries, speakers of two or more languages are in the minority. Eighty-four per cent of New Zealanders are monolingual (speakers of only one language). This leaves a small number who claim to speak two or more languages – a small percentage of whom were born in New Zealand.

No matter how proud people are of their cultural roots, to speak anything other than English is a marker of difference here. That’s why eight-year-old Tiffany Dvorak no longer wishes. to speak her mother-tongue, German, and eight-year-old Ani Powell is embarrassed when people comment on the fact that she is able to speak Maori*. As Joanne Powell, Ani’s mother, points out: ‘In Europe, it’s not unusual for kids to be bilingual. But, if you speak another language to your children in New Zealand, there are some people who think that you are not helping them to become a member of society.’

But in fact, the general agreement among experts is that learning a second language is good for children. Experts believe that bilinguals – people who speak two languages – have a clear learning advantage over their monolingual schoolmates. This depends on how much of each language they can speak, not on which language is used, so it doesn’t matter whether they are learning Maori or German or Chinese or any other language.

Cathie Elder, a professor of Language Teaching and Learning at Auckland University, says: ‘A lot of studies have shown that children who speak more than one language sometimes learn one language more slowly, but in the end they do as well as their monolingual schoolmates, and often better, in other subjects. The view is that there is an improvement in general intelligence from the effort of learning another language.’

Dr Brigitte Halford, a professor of linguistics at Freiburg University in Germany, agrees. ‘Bilinguals tend to use language better as a whole,’ she says. ‘They also display greater creativity and problem-solving ability, and they learn further languages more easily.’

So with all of the benefits, why do we not show more enthusiasm for learning other languages? Parents and teachers involved in bilingual education say pressure from friends at school, general attitudes to other languages in English-speaking countries, and problems in the school system are to blame.

In New Zealand, immigrants face the possibility of culture being lost along with the language their children no longer wish to speak. Tiffany’s mother, Susanne Dvorak, has experienced this. When she and husband Dieter left Germany six years ago to start up a new life in New Zealand, they thought it would be the perfect opportunity to raise their two-year-old as a bilingual. After all, bilingual Turkish families in Germany were normal and Susanne had read all the books she could find on the subject.

Maori: the language spoken by the Maori people, the first native people of New Zealand

The idea was to have home as a German language environment and for Tiffany to learn English at nursery school. But when Tiffany went to nursery school she stopped talking completely. She was quiet for about two or three months. Then, when she took up talking again, it was only in English. Concerned for her language development, Dieter started speaking English to his daughter while Susanne continued in German.

Today, when Susanne speaks to her daughter in German, she still answers in English. ‘Or sometimes she speaks half and half. I checked with her teacher and she very seldom mixes up German and English at school. She speaks English like a New Zealander. It’s her German that’s behind,’ says Susanne.

Professor Halford, also a mother of two bilingual children, says, ‘It’s normal for kids to refuse to speak their home language at the stage when they start to socialise with other kids in kindergarten or school’. But, she says, this depends a lot on the attitudes of the societies in question. In monolingual societies, like New Zealand, ‘kids want to be like all the others and sometimes use bilingualism as one of the battlefields for finding their own identity in contrast to that of their parents.’

She supports Susanne’s approach of not pressuring her daughter. ‘Never force the child to use a specific language, just keep using it yourself. The child will accept that. There is often a time when children or teenagers will need to establish their own identity as different from their schoolmates and they may use their other language to do so.’

Cathie Elder thinks immigrant parents should only speak English to their children if they are able to use English well themselves. What parents should do is provide rich language experiences for their children in whatever language they speak well. They may feel like outsiders and want to speak the local language, but it is more important for the child’s language development to provide a lot of language experience in any language.’

There can be differences between children in attitudes to learning languages. Susanne Dvorak’s two-year-old son, Danyon, is already showing signs of speaking German and English equally well. While her ‘ideal’ scenario hasn’t happened with Tiffany, she is aware that her daughter has a certain bilingual ability which, although mainly passive at this stage, may develop later on.

Joanne Powell feels the same way about her daughter, Ani. ‘At the moment she may not want to speak Maori but that’s okay because she’ll pick it up again in her own time. It’s more important that she has the ability to understand who she is. By learning another language she can open the door to another culture.’

Donna Chan, 25, a marketing specialist for IBM, arrived here with her parents from Hong Kong when she was four. She also remembers refusing to speak Chinese when she started primary school. But now she appreciates she had the chance to be bilingual. ‘It’s quite beneficial speaking another language in my job. Last year, my company sent me to a trade fair in Hong Kong because I could speak Chinese. Being bilingual definitely opens doors,’ she says.

Questions 28–31

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?

In boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

28) Most people who speak a second language in New Zealand were born in another country.

29) Most New Zealanders believe it is good to teach children a second language.

30) Chinese is the most common foreign language in New Zealand.

31) Some languages develop your intelligence more than others.

Questions 32–38

Look at the following statements (Questions 32–38) and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person, A-E.

Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 32–38 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

32) Children learning two languages may learn one language faster.

33) It has been unexpectedly difficult to raise a bilingual child in New Zealand.

34) Her daughter sometimes speaks a mixture of two languages.

35) Children’s attitudes to language depend on general social attitudes.

36) It is not important which language parents speak with their children.

37) Learning a second language provides opportunities to learn another culture.

38) Speaking a second language provides work opportunities.

Question 39

Choose TWO letters, A-F.

Write the correct letters in box 39 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO people stopped speaking one language as a child?

A Donna Chan

B Susanne Dvorak

C Tiffany Dvorak

D Cathie Elder

E Brigitte Halford

F Joanne Powell

Question 40

Choose TWO letters, A-F.

Write the correct letters in box 40 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO people think that their children’s language may develop as they get older?

A Donna Chan

B Susanne Dvorak

C Tiffany Dvorak

D Cathie Elder

E Brigitte Halford

F Joanne Powell

Section 3

Question 28-40

28.Ans,TRUE,answer location,paragraph no 1,lines 4-5,This leaves a small number who claim to speak two or more language –a small percentage of whom were born in New Zealand .ব্যাখা,অনেক মানুষ Newzealand যারা দুভাষী তারা অন্যদেশে জন্মগ্রহন করেছিল ।

29.Ans ,Not Given, there is no information on this ,এই বিষয়ে কিছুই উল্লেখ করা হয়নি ।

30.Ans,Not Given,there is no information on this, এই বিষয়ে কিছুই উল্লেখ করা হয়নি ।

31.Ans,FALSE,answer location,paragraph no 3,lines 2-5,Experts believe that bilinguals –people who speak two languages –have a clear learning advantage over their monolingual schoolmates .This depends on how much of each language they can speak ,not on which language is used ,so it doesn’t matter whether they are learning Moori or German or Chinese or any other language ,ব্যাখা, প্রশ্নে বলা হয়েছে কিছু ভাষা আপনার intelligence বৃদ্বি করে ।

Question 32-38

32.Ans,A,answer location ,paragraph no 4 ,lines 1-3 ,Cathie Elder ,a professor of language Teaching and learning at Auckland University ,says ,A lot of studies have shown that children who speak more than one language sometimes learn one language more slowly .ব্যাখা,প্রশ্নে বলা হয়েছে একটি ভাষা দ্রুত শিখা যায় ,এদিকে passage এ উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে একের অধিক ভাষায় যারা কথা বলে যারা ,তারা একটি ভাষা দ্রুত শিখতে পারেনা ।

33.Ans ,C,answer location ,paragraph no 7,lines 1-4,In New Zealand immigrants face the possibility of culture being lost along with the language their children no longer wish to speak .Tiffany’s mother ,Susanne Dvorak ,has experienced this .when she and husband Dieter left Germany six years ago to start up a new life in New Zealand ,they thought it would be the perfect opportunity to raise their two year old as a bilingual .ব্যাখা,এটি খুব বেশি কঠিন দুভাষী হয়ে বেড়ে ওঠা Newzealand এ ।

34.Ans,C,answer location ,paragraph no 9 ,lines 1-2 ,Today ,when Susanne speaks to her daughter in German ,she still answer in English or sometimes she speaks half and half .ব্যাখা,Susanne Dvorak এর কন্যা দুটি ভাষা যুক্ত করে কথা বলে ।

35.Ans ,B,answer location ,paragrapg no 10,1^st lines ,Dr Brigitte Halford says,professor Halford also a mother of two bilingual children ,says it’s normal for kids to refuse to speak their home language at the stage when they start to socialise with other kids in kindergarten or school.But,she says ,this depends a lot on the attitudes of the societies.ব্যাখা,শিশুদের ভাষার উপর দৃস্টিভঙ্গি নির্ভর করে সামাজিক মনোভাব এর উপরে ।

36.Ans,A,answer location ,paragraph no 12,lines 2-3,what parents should do is provide rich language experiences for their children in whatever language they speak well.ব্যাখা,এটা মুখ্য বিষয় নয় পিতামাতা কোন ধরনের ভাষায় কথা বলছেন ।

37.Ans,D,answer location ,paragraph no 14 ,lines 3-4,By learning another language she can open the door to another culture .ব্যাখা,একাধিক ভাষা শিক্ষার মাধ্যমে অন্য সংস্কৃতি সম্পর্কে জানা যায় ।

38.Ans,E,answer location ,paragraph no 15,last lines,where Donna chan explains how being bilingual helps her,it’s quite beneficial speaking another language in my job.Last year ,my company sent me to a trade fair in Hong kong because I could speak Chinese .Being bilingual definitely opens doors ,she says.ব্যাখা,একের অধিক ভাষা জানার জন্য কাজের সুবিধা পাওয়া যায় ।

39,Ans,A,(Dona Chan),C(Tiffany Dvorak),answer location,paragraph no 8,lines 2-3,But when Tiffany went to nursery school she stopped talking completely .she is quite for about two months .(Tiffany Dvorak )

Paragraph no : 15 ,lines 2-3, She also remembers refusing to speak Chinese when she started primary school.(Donna Chan)ব্যাখা,কোন দুইজন ব্যক্তি শিশু থাকা অবস্থায় একটি ভাষায় কথা বলতে অনীহা প্রকাশ করে ।

40.Ans,B(Susanne Dvorak),F(Joanne Powell),answer location,paragraph no 13,lines,she is aware that her daughter has a certain bilingual ability which ,although mainly passive at this stage ,may develop later on (Susanne Dvorak)

Paragraph no : 14 ,lines 1-2,At the moment she may not want to speak Maori but that’s okay because she’ll pick it up again in her own time (Joanne powell )ব্যাখা ,কোন দুইজন ব্যক্তি মনে করেন তাদের শিশু বড় হুওয়ার সাথে সাথে ভাষা নিয়ে তাদের দক্ষতা বাড়বে ।

Most Common vocubulary for IELTS GT

Confined	আবদ্ধ	Limited ,enclosed
Conform	মেনেচলা	Abide by , keep
Confuse	বিভ্রান্ত	Distract,discomfit
Consciousness	চেতনা	Knowledge,cognition
Convinced	বিশ্বাসী	Certain,understood
Ongoing	চলমান	Timeless, continuous
Overlap	উপরে জড়ান	Extend over
Persistent	অধ্যবসায়ী	Patient ,static
Pose	fw½	Gesture,attitude
Possess	ভোগদখল করা	Reflect ,empower
Preliminary	প্রাথমিক	Elementary ,initial
Presumption	অনুমান	Guess,supposition
Ratio	শতাংশ	Proportion ,relation
Refine	পরিশোধিত	Score,labour
Relate	সম্বন্ধযুক্ত	Narrate ,report
Simulation	নকল জিনিস	Badge,interest
Solely	কেবলমাত্র	Only ,exclusively
Somewhat	কিছুটা	Somehow ,something
Status	অবস্থা	Condition,state
Stress	চাপ	Tension,pinch
Style	fw½	Genre,form
Substitution	প্রতিস্থাপন	Implantation ,rejection
Successive	ধারাবাহিকতা	Continual,gradual
Survey	জরিপ	Matering ,survey
Survive	টিকিয়ে থাকা	Endure,stay
Devote	DrmM©	Dedicate
Differentiation	বিভেদ	Separation ,division
Diminish	কমে যাওয়া	Minimize ,shorten
Displacement	উৎখাত করা	Quit,uprooting
Display	cÖ`k©b Kiv	Show ,exhibition
Distorted	বিকৃত	Perverted,decomposed
Dramatic	নাটকীয়	Scenic,stagy
Duration	স্থিতিকাল	Term,delay
Ethical	নৈতিক	Moral ,ethic
Eventually	অবশেষে	At last ,in the end
Revision	সংস্করন	Purification,repair
Revolution	বিপ্লব	Rotation ,circling
Scenario	নাটকের দৃশ	Continuity
Schedule	পরিকল্পনা	Plan,design
Sphere	Kg©‡µÎ	Environoment ,orbit
Suspended	স্থগিত	Resorting ,beetle
Target	লক্ষ্য	Goal,range
Team	দল	Wing ,side
Temporary	সাময়িক	Topical ,part time
Tension	চিন্তা	Keynote,extent
Creditable	সম্মানজঙ্ক	Skillful,glorious
Deceive	প্রতারণা করা	Outwit ,juggle
Depression	চিন্তিত	Lowness,dimple
Derive	আহরন করা	Attain ,execute
Distribution	বিতরন	Assignment ,dole
Divergent	বিপথগামী	Stray,perverse
Doubt	সন্দেহ	Suspicion,jealousy
Drastic	প্রচন্ড	Intense,furious
Election	নির্বাচন	Selection ,choice
Empirical	গবেষনা মূলক	Experimental ,pilot
Reluctant	অনিচ্চুক	Shy,disagreeable
Restore	পুনরুদ্ধার করা	Recover,reclaim
Restraint	নিয়ন্ত্রন করা	Barrier,prevention
Rigid	অনমনীয়	Firm,stark
Route	রাস্তা	Road ,way
Sacrifice	ত্যাগ	Offering ,wrinkle
Scale	পাল্লা	Range ,measure
So-called	তথাকথিত	Reputed
Straightforward	সোজা	Expansive ,candid
Subordinate	অধীন	Minor ,secondery
Sustainable	টেকসই	Able to maintain
Symbolic	প্রতীকী	Serving as a symbol
Topic	বিষয়	Subject ,thing
Trace	চিহ্ন	Vestige ,footstep
Transformation	রূপান্তর	Change ,alternative
Ultimate	চূড়ান্ত	Extreme ,eventual
Underline	নিন্ন রেখা	Emphasized ,accent
Unique	অনন্য	Singular,identical
Utility	কার্যকর	Usefulness,aptness
Visible	দৃশ্যমান	Optical,seen
Exhibit	প্রদর্শনী	Sample ,swatch
Explicit	স্পস্ট	Clear,obvious
Exploitation	অনুসন্ধান	Search ,query
Extract	নির্যাস	Essence ,gist
Federal	যুক্তরাস্ট্রীয়	System of government
Fluctuations	ওঠানামা	Trouble ,flutter
Format	বিন্যাস	Distribute ,ordination
Founded	সংস্থাপিত	Emerged,initiated
Guidelines	wb‡`©wkKv	A general role
Highlighted	হাইলাইট	Pick out and emphasize
Theme	বিষয়	Topic ,affair
Thereby	যার ফলে	By that means
Uniform	BDwbd«g	Identical ,similar
Validity	মেয়াদ	Accuracy,validity
Vehicle	যানবাহন	Medium ,car
Via	মাধ্যম	Through,by
Violation	j½b	Crossing ,dissolution
Virtual	কার্যত	Evil,immoral
Vision	`~i`wk©Zv	Eye ,glance
Widespread	ব্যাপক	Extensive ,sweeping
Encounter	সাক্ষাৎ	Fighting ,visibility
Enhance	বাড়ান	Improve ,raise
Enormous	প্রচূর	Plenty,large
Entirely	m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c	Fully,purely
Entrepreneur	উদ্যোক্তাদের	who operates business
Erosion	ক্ষয়	Decay,wasting
Forbearance	ক্ষমা	Cease,stay
Forthcoming	আসন্ন	Imminent ,oncoming
Frustration	নিরাশা প্রকাশ করা	Licking , loss
Goal	লক্ষ্য	Destination ,target
Substantiate	বাস্তবায়িত করা	Prove ,argue
Supplementary	পরিপূরক	Expletive ,subsidiary
Sympathy	সহানুভূতি	Compassion ,love
Termination	সমাপ্তি	End ,closure
Transmission	হস্তান্তর	Dispatch , inspiration
Undergo	সহ্য করা	Sustain,suffer
Unify	একত্রিত করা	Agree ,fit
Vital	অত্যাবশ্যক	Material ,important
Voluntary	স্বেচ্ছাকৃত	Motive ,wilful
Whereby	এর মাধমে	By which

Fill in the blanks

১।প্রথমে instruction লক্ষ্য করুন ,সেখানে কয়টি word দিয়ে উওর দেয়ার কথা বলা হয়েছে এক বা দুটি কখনো তিনটি word দেওয়া থাকবে ।

২।শূন্যস্থান এর পূর্বে এবং পরের word টি খেয়াল রাখুন ।

৩। Grammar খেয়াল করুন ,word এর পূর্বে এবং পরে blank টি একটি ধারনা দিতে পারে ।এখানে কোন ধরনের word বসতে পারে ।

৪। Missing context কি রয়েছে সেটা খুঁজে বের করার চেস্টা করুন ।

৫।পর্যায়ক্রমে আসবে প্রত্যেকটি উওর । যদি প্রথম Answer টি পেয়ে যান সেখান থেকে নিচের দিকে পর্যাক্রমে Answer পাওয়া যাবে ।

৬।check করুন word টি উপযুক্ত কি না ।শূন্যস্থানের জন্য noun ,verb ,adjective or adverb কিনা খেয়াল করুন ।

৭।ধৈর্য্য সহকারে খুজতে হবে এবং প্রথম Answer location খুঁজে বের করুন ।

৮।Answer টা paraphrasing কি না লক্ষ্য করুন এবং Answer খুজার সময় synonyms trend নিয়ে খুঁজেন ।

৯। অবশ্যই spelling টা খেয়াল রাখুন যেন ভুল না হয় উওরপত্র লিখার সময় ।

READING

SECTION 1 Questions 1-14

Read the text below and answer Questions 1-6

TRANSITION CARE FOR THE ELDERLY

What is transition care?

Transition care is for older people who have been receiving medical treatment, but need more help to recover, and time to make a decision about the best place for them to live in the longer term. You can only access transition care directly from hospital.

Transition care is focused on individual goals and therapies and is given for a limited time only. It offers access to a package of services that may include:

low-intensity therapy such as physiotherapy (exercise, mobility, strength and balance) and podiatry (foot care)
access to a social worker
nursing support for clinical care such as wound care
personal care .

Who provides transition care services?

Transition care is often provided by non-government organisations and is subsidised by the government. If your circumstances allow, it is expected you’ll contribute to the cost of your care.

Daily care fees are set by the organisation that provides your transition care services (your service provider). They should explain these fees to you, and the amount charged should form part of the agreement between you and the service provider. The fee is calculated on a daily basis.

Where do I receive transition care?

Transition care is provided in your own home or in a ‘live-in’ setting. This setting can be part of an existing aged-care home or health facility such as a separate wing of a hospital.

What if I’m already receiving services through a different programme?

If you’re already receiving subsidised residential care in an aged-care home, but you need to go somewhere else for transition care, your place in the aged-care home will be held until you return.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text on page 16 ?

in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

Only hospital patients can go on to have transition care.
Transition care may be long term or short term.
Everyone receiving transition care must contribute to the cost.
Transition care at home is only available for patients who live alone.
Transition care may be given on a hospital site.
You may lose your place in a care home if you have to leave it to receive transition care.

Read the text below and answer Questions 7-14.

CABIN BAGS FOR AIR TRAVEL

If you want a small bag with wheels that you can take onto the plane with you, there’s a wide choice. Here are some of the best.

The Flyer B3 is an ultra-lightweight cabin bag which can withstand some pretty harsh treatment. Its nylon and polyester sides won’t rip or burst open if it’s dropped or thrown whilst in transit. However, the trolley handle feels quite thin and flimsy. The top carrying handle is hard and flat, and the side handle isn’t easy to grip.
The Lightglide has two external pockets, both of which are zipped and lockable, but the inside pocket does not zip. In tests, we found the contents remain dry when given a good soaking, even around the zips. The trolley handle has a choice of two heights and the plastic hand grip doesn’t have any sharp ridges that’ll make your hands sore. For carrying there are fabric handles at the top and side.
The Foxton is easy to control across most surfaces. However, the zips don’t always run smoothly especially around the corners, so you may have to give them a good tug, especially if the case is very full. This is definitely one to avoid if you’re going somewhere rainy as it lets loads of water in, and documents in the pockets will also get pretty wet unless they’re in plastic folders.
The Skybag has a single external zipped pocket and another located inside the lid. Your clothes are kept in place by two adjustable straps. The zips are easy to grip and they run smoothly around the case. However, this cabin bag felt a little heavy to pull on all but smooth floors, and it was hard to steer compared with some of the other suitcases.
The Travelsure 35 is available in a huge range of fabric designs including leopard print or lipstick kisses. The retractable trolley handle is comfortable but can’t be adjusted to suit users of different heights. There’s no internal divider, but there are two handy zipped pockets in the lid. We test each bag by letting it fall onto a hard floor – and our results show that you’ll have to treat this bag with great care if you want it to last. The fabric tore so badly at one of the corners that it was unusable.

Questions 7-14

The text on page 18 has five paragraphs, A-E.

Which paragraph mentions the following?

Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 7-14 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

The zips on this cabin bag may be difficult to use.
This cabin bag may be badly damaged if it is dropped.
The handles of this cabin bag have a number of different problems.
This cabin bag is very resistant to water.
There’s a good choice of patterns for the fabric of this cabin bag.
This cabin bag isn’t very easy to move around.
This cabin bag has just one internal zipped pocket.
The trolley handle of this cabin bag is adjustable.

SECTION 2 Questions 15-27

Read the text below and answer Questions 15-20 .

College car parking policy – staff

Parking permits and tickets

Staff permits are required to park a motor vehicle (other than a motorcycle parked in the cycle bays) on campus between 8.30 am and 4.30 pm, Monday to Friday, during term time. Annual permits can be purchased from the Hospitality Department. Application forms can be downloaded from the College website. All permits/tickets must be clearly displayed in the windscreen of vehicles during the dates of term time, as published in the academic calendar. Please inform the Services Administrator of any changes to registration details on telephone ext. 406. Annual car parking permits can be purchased from 20th September and are valid for one academic year from 1st October to 30th June. The annual charges for car parking are displayed on the application form.

Enforcement

The nominated contractor will issue fixed Penalty Charge Notices (see below) on vehicles that fail to display a valid permit and/or parking ticket, or vehicles that are parked on yellow lines or in disabled parking bays without displaying a blue disabled-parking permit. Reductions of parking space availability may arise in order to accommodate College recruitment activities and/or estate development/maintenance projects. Vehicles that are in breach of the policy will be issued with a Penalty Charge Notice.

Penalty Charge Notice (PCN)

The PCN is £30, increasing to £60 seven days after issue. The nominated contractor is responsible for the collection of unpaid PCNs and may use legal action where necessary to recover unpaid PCNs. If issued with a PCN, appeals must be taken up directly with the parking enforcement company (details included on the notice) not the college.

Disabled parking

The college has designated car parking spaces for disabled car drivers. The college will make all reasonable efforts to ensure these parking spaces are used only by drivers who display their blue disabled-parking permits, and a valid pay-and-display or annual permit , as appropriate.

If issues arise concerning the availability of the parking spaces, those concemed should raise the matter with the Domestic Services Department in order to effect a temporary solution.

Reading

Visitors

The College welcomes visitors and provides parking arrangements through pre- arranged permits, which must be displayed in the vehicle. Please contact the Hospitality Department for further information. On Open Days, sections of car parking on campus may be reserved for visitors.

Short-term drop-off/pick-up provision

There will be two short-term drop-off/pick-up spaces for users of the nursery, with a maximum of ten minutes’ waiting time allowed. These are located outside Concorde Building. The nursery staff bays may not be used under any circumstances.

Questions 15-20

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet.

Where can you buy parking permits at the college?
Which document shows the dates of term time?
What is the start date of annual parking permits?
Who is responsible for giving out parking fines if you park in the wrong place?
What do visitors need to show when parking?
Where can the nursery pick-up point be found?

Read the text below and answer Questions 21-27.

Maternity benefits

If you are expecting a baby, there are a number of benefit schemes that could help you financially. However, eligibility differs for each individual scheme.

Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP)

You may be entitled to Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP) from your employer. This is a weekly payment to help make it easier for you to take time off, both before and after the birth of your baby. SMP can be paid for up to 39 weeks.

You are entitled to SMP if you have been employed by the same company for at least 26 weeks by the end of the 15th week before your baby is due. You must also be earning an average of at least £87 per week (before tax). The amount you get depends on how much you earn. For 6 weeks, you will receive 90% of your average weekly earnings. Then you will receive £112.75 per week for the remaining 33 weeks.

Maternity Allowance (MA)

Maternity Allowance (MA) is available to those who are employed or self-employed but not eligible for Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP). You may be entitled to Maternity Allowance if you have been employed or self-employed for at least 26 weeks in the 66 weeks before you are due to give birth. You don’t have to work for the same employer for those 26 weeks. You also don’t have to work full weeks (as a part week counts as a full week) during the same period. Maternity Allowance can be paid for up to 39 weeks, and is either paid at the same standard rate as SMP or 90% of your average weekly earnings. You’ll receive whichever amount is the lower. You can find Maternity Allowance forms at antenatal clinics throughout the country.

Child Tax Credit

If you’re on a low income, over 16, and are responsible for at least one child, you may also be entitled to Child Tax Credit. The amount you get will depend on your personal circumstances and income. When your income is being assessed, any child benefit, maintenance payments or Maternity Allowance payments will not be classed as income. This means that it will not be taken into account when calculating your Child Tax Credit.

Sure Start Maternity Payments

If you get benefits or Child Tax Credit because you’re on a low income, then you may be entitled to Sure Start Maternity Payments. These are individual grants to help towards the cost of a new baby.

Questions 21-27

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet.

What is the minimum period you must have worked for an employer in order to be eligible for SMP?
For how long is SMP payable every week as a percentage of your average weekly earnings ?
What sum is payable every week as the second part of SMP entitlement?
What is the maximum length of time MA is payable?
Where can MA forms be obtained?
Apart from income, what else is considered when assessing how much Child Tax Credit is paid?
What are Sure Start Maternity Payments ?

SECTION 3 Questions 28-40

Questions 28-32

The text on pages 26 and 27 has five sections, A-E.

Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, 1-vili, in boxes 28–32 on your answer sheet .

List of Headings

Solving the puzzle of a papyrus document
The importance of written records and different ways of recording them
The use of papyrus for a range of purposes
Suggestions for future possibilities for papyrus
How papyrus was cultivated and different manufacturing methods
The decline of papyrus use
The preservation and destruction of papyrus documents
The process of papyrus production

28 Section A

29 Section B

30 Section C

31 Section D

32 Section E

PAPYRUS

Used by the ancient Egyptians to make paper, the papyrus plant has helped to shape the world we live in

Libraries and archives are cultural crossroads of knowledge exchange, where the past transmits information to the present, and where the present has the opportunity to inform the future. Bureaucracies have become the backbone of civilizations, as governments try to keep track of populations, business transactions and taxes. At a personal level, our lives are governed by the documents we possess; we are certified on paper literally from birth to death. And written documentation carries enormous cultural importance: consider the consequences of signing the Foundation Document of the United Nations or the Convention on Biological Diversity

Documentation requires a writing tool and a surface upon which to record the information permanently. About 5,000 years ago, the Sumerians started to use reeds or sticks to make marks on mud blocks which were then baked, but, despite being fireproof, these were difficult to store. Other cultures used more flexible but less permanent surfaces, including animal skins and wood strips. In western culture, the adoption of papyrus was to have a great impact. Sheets of papyrus not only provide an invaluable record of people’s daily lives, they can also be dated Using carbon-dating techniques, giving precise information about the age of the text written on them.

Papyrus is strongly associated with Egyptian culture, although all the ancient civilizations around the Mediterranean used it. The papyrus sedge is a tall grass- like plant. It was harvested from shallow water and swamplands on the banks of the River Nile. Manufacturing sheets of papyrus from papyrus sedge was a complex, messy process. Pith from inside the plant’s stem was cut into long strips that were laid side by side. These were then covered with a second layer of strips which were laid at right angles to the first, then soaked in water and hammered together. The sheet was then crushed to extract the water, dried and then polished to produce a high-quality writing surface. Individual sheets could be glued together and rolled up to make scrolls or folded and bound to form books.
In moist climates the cellulose-rich sheets of papyrus would readily decay, becoming covered by mould or full of holes from attacks by insects. But in dry climates, such as the Middle East, papyrus is a stable, rot-resistant writing surface The earliest known roll of papyrus scroll was found in the tomb of an official called Hemeka near Memphis, which was then the capital city of Egypt, and is around five thousand years old. In 79CE, nearly 2,000 papyrus scrolls in the library of Julius Caesar’s father-in-law were protected at Herculaneum by ash from the catastrophic

eruption of Mount Vesuvius. However, the most famous discoveries of papyrus have come from the rubbish dumps of the ancient town of Oxyrhynchus, some 160km south-west of Cairo, in the desert to the west of the Nile. Oxyrhynchus was a regional administrative capital and for a thousand years generated vast amounts of administrative documentation, including accounts, tax returns and correspondence, which was periodically discarded to make room for more. Over time, a thick layer of sand covered these dumps, and they were forgotten. But the documents were protected by the sand, creating a time capsule that allowed astonishing glimpses into the lives of the town’s inhabitants over hundreds of years.

Collections of documents that record information and ideas have frequently been viewed as potentially dangerous. For thousands of years, governments, despots and conquerors have resorted to burning libraries and books to rid themselves of inconvenient evidence or obliterate cultures and ideas that they found politically, morally or religiously unacceptable. One such calamity, the burning of the Great Library of Alexandria, and the papyrus scrolls and books it contained, has been mythologized and has come to symbolize the global loss of cultural knowledge.

Besides their use in record-keeping, papyrus stems were used in many other aspects of Mediterranean life, such as for boat construction and making ropes, sails and baskets, as well as being a source of food. In 1969 the adventurer Thor Heyerdahl attempted to cross the Atlantic from Morocco in the boat Ra, to show that it was possible for mariners in ancient times to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Ra was made from bundles of papyrus stems and modelled on ancient Egyptian craft. As a marshland plant, papyrus sedge stabilizes soils and reduces erosion, while some investigations show that it has potential for water purification and sewage treatment.
True paper was probably invented in China in the first century CE. Like papyrus, it was constructed from a meshwork of plant fibres, but the Chinese used fibres from the white mulberry tree, which yielded a tough, flexible material that could be folded, stretched, and compressed. The adoption of this paper by western cultures soon rendered papyrus obsolete.

Despite dreams of paper-free societies, western cultures still use enormous quantities of paper, often in ways that it would be inconceivable to use papyrus for. As a paper substitute, the role of the papyrus sedge in westem cultures has been superseded; papyrus is little more than a niche product for the tourist market. What makes papyrus noteworthy for western societies nowadays is its use as the surface upon which our ancient ancestors recorded their lives, their art and their science, In the words of the ancient Roman philosopher Pliny the Elder, it is the material on which the immortality of human beings depends’.

Questions 33-37

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes 33–37 on your answer sheet.

33. What was the problem with using animal skins and wood strips for writing on?

A They did not last for a long time.

B They were not easy to store.

с They were insufficiently flexible.

D They could be destroyed by fire.

34 Why did papyrus manufacturers hammer the papyrus?

A to remove water from the pith strips

B to join the layers of pith strips together

с to allow the pith strips to be easily cut

D to position the layers of pith strips at the correct angle

35 When referring to burning libraries and books, the writer is suggesting that

A information can be used for harm as well as for good.

B new ways must be found to ensure information is not lost.

с cultural knowledge depends on more than written texts.

D those in power may wish to keep others in ignorance.

36 The writer refers to Thor Heyerdahl to illustrate the point that

A papyrus could be used as a food on long sea voyages.

B the ancient Egyptians already had advanced navigation skills.

с papyrus could be used to build boats for long sea joumeys.

D the ancient Egyptians knew of the environmental benefits of papyrus.

37 What does the writer conclude about papyrus today?

А It is better for the environment than using paper.

B Its significance is restricted to its role in the past.

с It is still the best writing surface for some purposes.

D More efforts need to be made to ensure it stays in use.

Questions 38-40

Complete the summary below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 38–40 on your answer sheet

How papyrus documents have survived

Papyrus is rich in cellulose and in some conditions will be destroyed by fungal growths or be consumed by 38……………………………. However, it can survive for long periods in an environment that is dry. It has been found in a 5,000-year-old 39…………………………………. in Egypt, and in Herculaneum many papyrus documents were preserved following a huge 40……………………………………………… in 79 CE. In the town of Oxyrhynchus, unwanted administrative documents were left on rubbish dumps which were covered with sand, preserving them for many years.

Model Question 1 answer

TEST 1

READING

Reading Section 1,

Questions 1-14

26 weeks
Six weeks
€112.75
39 weeks
Antenatal cllnics
Personal circumstances
Grants

1 TRUE

2 “FALSE

3 FALSE

4 NOT GIVEN

5 TRUE

Reading Section 3,

Questions 28-40

28 ii

29 viii

30 vii

31 ili

32 vi

33 A

34 B

35 D

36 C

37 B

38 insects

39 tomb

40 eruption

FALSE

7 C

8 E

9 A

10 B

11 E

12 D

13 D

14 B

Reading Section 2,

Questions 15-27

15 Hospitality Department

16 academic calendar

17 1(st) October

18 nominated contractor

19 permits

20 Concorde Building

SECTION 1 Questions 1-14

Read the text below and answer Questions 1–7.

Five reviews of the Wellington Hotel

My husband and I first stayed at the Wellington a few years ago, and we’ve returned every year since then. When we arrive and check in, we’re always treated like old friends by the staff, so we very much feel at home. Our one disappointment during our last visit was that our room overlooked the car park, but that didn’t spoil our stay
The hotel hardly seems to have changed in the last hundred years, and we prefer that to many modern hotels, which tend to look the same as each other. The Wellington has character! Our room was very comfortable and quite spacious. We can strongly recommend the breakfast, though we had to wait for a table as the hotel was so full. That was a bit annoying, and there was also nowhere to sit in the lounge.
We made our reservation by phone without problem, but when we arrived the receptionist couldn’t see it on the computer system. Luckily there was a room available. It wasn’t quite what we would have chosen, but it was a pleasure to sit in it with a cup of tea, and look out at the swimmers and surfers in the sea.
We’d be happy to stay at the Wellington again. Although there’s nothing special about the rooms, the view from the lounge is lovely, and the restaurant staff were friendly and efficient. Breakfast was a highlight – there was so much on offer we could hardly decide what to eat. We’d stay another time just for that!
The staff all did their jobs efficiently, and were very helpful when we asked for information about the area. The only difficulty we had was making our reservation online – it wasn’t clear whether payment for our deposit went through or not, and I had to call the hotel to find out. Still, once we’d arrived, everything went very smoothly, and we had a delicious dinner in the restaurant.

Questions 1-7

Look at the five online reviews of the Wellington Hotel, A-E, on page 39.

Which review mentions the following?

Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 1–7 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once..

liking the view from the bedroom window
finding the receptionists welcoming
being pleased with the bedroom
becoming confused when booking a room
being impressed by the wide choice of food
staying in the hotel regularly
finding it inconvenient that the hotel was crowded

Read the text below and answer Questions 8–14.

Come and play walking football or walking netball

Walking football and netball have become increasingly popular in recent years, but do you know you can take part in this area? The names make it clear what they are – two of the country’s favourite sports where, instead of running the players walk. It’s as simple as that.

Walking football was invented in the UK in 2011, but it was a 2014 TV commercial for a bank, showing it providing financial support to someone who wanted to set up a website for the game, that brought it to people’s attention. Since then, tens of thousands of people – mostly, though not only, over the age of 50 – have started playing, and there are more than 800 walking football clubs. Both men and women play walking football, but at the moment the netball teams consist only of women. However, men are beginning to show an interest in playing

The two games are designed to help people to be active or get fit, whatever their age and level of fitness. In particular, they were invented to encourage older men and women to get more exercise, and to give them a chance to meet other people. Regular physical activity helps to maintain energy, strength and flexibility. You can start gently and do a little more each session. The benefits include lower heart rate and blood pressure, greater mobility, less fat and more muscle.

Many players have given up a sport – either through age or injury – and can now take it up again. They’re great ways for people to enjoy a sport they used to play and love, and keep active at the same time, though people who have never played the standard game before are also very welcome.

The local council’s Active Lifestyles Team runs sessions at all the council’s leisure centres. Come alone or with a friend, and enjoy a friendly game on Monday or Saturday afternoons, or Tuesday or Thursday evenings. Each session costs £3 per person, and you don’t have to come regularly or at the same time each week. Our aim is to set up netball and football clubs as soon as there are enough regular players.

Questions 8-14

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text on page 41?.

In boxes 8-14 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

8 Walking football became well-known when a club featured in a TV programme about the sport

9 The majority of walking netball players are men.

10 Most clubs arrange social activities for their members.

11 Players are tested regularly to measure changes in their fitness.

12 People who have never played football are encouraged to play walking football .

13 People can take part in the Active Lifestyles Team’s sessions whenever they wish.

14 The Active Lifestyles Team intends to start clubs in the future.

SECTION 2 Questions 15-27

Read the text below and answer Questions 15-20.

Dress regulations at work

Your contract may state that you need to dress in a certain manner or wear a uniform. Your contract might also state that you need to dress ‘smartly, rather than specifying any particular garments. As you might well have conflicting ideas of what counts as ‘smart’, you should ask your employer for clarification. Many employers that have a strict dress code choose to provide clothing or a discount on clothing. However, this is not necessarily compulsory for the employer and is a factor you need to consider when taking a job.

Protective clothing and equipment

Your employer can tell you to put on protective clothing and equipment (such as gloves, a visor, boots, etc.). If you don’t, your employer is entitled to take disciplinary action, which can include excluding you from the workplace.

You are required to:

co-operate with your employer on health and safety
correctly use work items provided by your employer, including protective equipment, in accordance with instructions
not interfere with or misuse anything provided for your health and safety or welfare.

Of course, any protective gear has to fit and be appropriate for the situation. It shouldn’t cause you pain. If it does, you should negotiate alternative equipment or arrangements. Don’t be put off. Sometimes employers can, out of caution, interpret health and safety rules unnecessarily rigidly. And of course you shouldn’t be required to pay for any protective equipment or clothing that you need. However, if your employer buys the gear, they are entitled to keep it when you leave.

The obligation to maintain protective clothing lies with the employer. The employer is also required to provide an appropriate storage space to keep the protective equipment in when it is not being used. And finally, the employer must provide the equipment and service free of charge to the employee.

Jewellery

Banning employees from wearing jewellery and loose clothing may be justified to prevent a potential hygiene hazard if you work in areas of food production or areas which need to be kept sterile.

Likewise, your employer can judge that loose jewellery may constitute a snagging hazard if you operate machinery. If you think restrictions are not justified by health and safety concerns, talk to your workplace union rep if you have one, as they may know of solutions to the problem which other employees have used before.

Questions 15-20

Complete the sentences below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet.

If employees are unsure what their company wishes them to wear for work, they should request…………………..
Some companies offer their employees a……………………… when they buy items to wear for work.
Employees who fail to wear protective clothing when required could be subject to…………………….. procedures.
Employees ought not to be in …………………………because of protective clothing or equipment
It is the company’s responsibility to ensure that there is a suitable place for the………………………..of protective equipment.
Employees who work with certain types of………. may have to remove jewellery to avoid potential injuries.

Read the text below and answer Que ‘ons 21–27.

How to achieve a better work-life balance

As more and more employees work from home full time and everyone has 24/7 access to email, balancing work and family may not seem like an easily attainable goal . So how can you juggle the demands of both worlds? Below are some tips to help you get started.

It’s easy to get sucked into habits that make us less efficient without realizing it – like keeping your social media page open at work so you don’t miss something important. Draw up a list with all the activities that don’t enhance your life or career. Then minimize the time you spend on them.

It’s hard to say ‘no’, especially to a supervisor or loved one, but sometimes that powerful little word is essential. Learn to use ‘no’ judiciously and it will become a powerful tool in balancing work and family.

Research shows that exercise helps you remain alert, Finding time to hit the gym may be hard, but it will ultimately help you get more things done because exercise really boosts energy and improves your ability to concentrate.

Study after study shows that significant sleep deprivation affects your health and well-being. Exposure to electronics can significantly negatively impact your sleep, so try to unplug an hour before you go to sleep.

What would you do if you had a whole day to yourself with no demands on your time? While most people don’t have the luxury of a whole day dedicated to relaxation, constantly putting off that downtime and putting everyone’s needs before yours will wear you down. Pick a time to do something just for you. Even just a few minutes of ‘me time’ a day will help to recharge your batteries.

Don’t assume your family and manager are aware of your concerns. If you feel you have to adjust your schedule to discover a better work-life balance, then voice that requirement. If that means asking your boss for permission to leave a few minutes early once a week so you can hit that yoga class on the way home, do it.

All new habits require time to build, so if you find yourself sneaking your smartphone to bed, that’s okay. Leave your phone downstairs tomorrow night. Tiny steps are the key to finding that balance, so start small, and go from there. Most of all, know your limitations and what works best for you; then decide what really matters, what advice you want to follow, and prioritize.

Questions 21-27

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each ‘answer.

Write your answers in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet.

Achieving a better work-life balance

How to begin

Make a complete 21………………. of things that are not helpful and reduce involvement in them
Refuse some requests as this can be a useful 22……………………… in gaining a better work-life balance

Things that can help

Regular exercise
- - can increase 23 …………………………….significantly
Sleep
- - insufficient sleep can make people ill
  - avoid focusing on 24 …………… in the lead-up to bedtime

Issues that require attention

Those who see other people’s 25 ……… as more important than their own will suffer
If the working day is too long, get 26 …………….. to shorten it occasionally
People should learn to recognise their own 27…………………………..

SECTION 3 Question 28-40

Read the text below and answer Questions 28–40.

For several decades in the nineteenth century, there were calls to connect the rapidly growing metropolis of San Francisco to its neighbours across the mile-wide Golden Gate Strait, where San Francisco Bay opens onto the Pacific Ocean. Eventually, in 1919, officials asked the city engineer, Michael O’Shaughnessy, to explore the possibility of building a bridge. He began to consult engineers across the USA about the feasibility of doing so, and the cost. Most doubted whether a bridge could be built at all, or estimated that it would cost $100 million. However, a Chicago-based engineer named Joseph Strauss believed he could complete the project for a modest $25 to $30 million. After his proposal was accepted, Strauss set about convincing the communities on the northern end of the strait that the bridge would be to their benefit, as well as to that of San Francisco. With population centres growing fast, there was severe traffic congestion at the ferry docks, and motor vehicle travel by ferry was fast exceeding capacity.
The bridge could not be constructed without the agreement of the US War Department, which owned the land on each side of the Strait and had the power to prevent any harbour construction that might affect shipping traffic. In 1924, San Francisco and Marin counties applied for a permit to build a bridge, and after hearing overwhelming arguments in favour of the project, the Secretary of War agreed.

Despite the economic benefits promised by its supporters, the project met fierce resistance from a number of businesses – particularly ferry companies – and civic leaders. Not only would the bridge be an obstacle to shipping and spoil the bay’s natural beauty, they argued, it wouldn’t survive the sort of earthquake that had devastated the city in 1906. Eight years of legal actions followed as opponents tried to prevent it from being built.

Meanwhile, Strauss’s team scrapped their original plans in favour of a suspension span capable of moving more than two feet to each side: this would withstand strong wind far better than a rigid structure. They also planned the two towers, and decided on a paint colour they called ‘international orange’.
O’Shaughnessy, Strauss and the Secretary to the Mayor of San Francisco believed a special district needed to be created, with responsibility for planning, designing and financing construction. The formation of this district would enable all the counties affected by the bridge to have a say in the proceedings. This happened in 1928, when the California legislature passed an act to establish the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District, consisting of six counties. In 1930, residents voted on the question of whether to put up their homes, their farms and their business properties as security for a $35 million bond issue to finance construction. The outcome was a large majority in favour.

However, the District struggled to find a financial backer amid the difficulties of the Great Depression, a problem made worse by years of expensive legal proceedings. Now desperate, Strauss personally sought help from the President of Bank of America, who provided a crucial boost by agreeing to buy $6 million in bonds in 1932.

Construction began in January 1933, with the excavation of a vast amount of rock to establish the bridge’s two anchorages – the structures in the ground that would take the tension from the suspension cables. The crew consisted of virtually anyone capable of withstanding the physical rigours of the job, as out-of-work cab drivers, farmers and clerks lined up for the chance to earn steady wages as ironworkers and cement mixers.

The attempt to build what would be the first bridge support in the open ocean proved an immense challenge. Working from a long framework built out from the San Francisco side, divers plunged to depths of 90 feet through strong currents to blast away rock and remove the debris. The framework was damaged when it was struck by a ship in August 1933 and again during a powerful storm later in the year, setting construction back five months.

The two towers were completed in June 1935, and a New Jersey-based company was appointed to handle the on-site construction of the suspension cables. Its engineers had mastered a technique in which individual steel wires were banded together in spools and carried across the length of the bridge on spinning wheels. Given a year to complete the task, they instead finished in just over six months, having spun more than 25,000 individual wires into each massive cable.

The roadway was completed in April 1937, and the bridge officially opened to pedestrians the following month. The next day, President Roosevelt announced its opening via White House telegraph.

The Golden Gate has endured as a marvel of modern engineering; its main span was the longest in the world for a suspension bridge until 1981, while its towers made it the tallest bridge of any type until 1993. It withstood a destructive earthquake in 1989 and was closed to traffic only three times in its first 75 years due to weather conditions. Believed to be the most photographed bridge in the world, this landmark was named one of the seven civil engineering wonders of the United States by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1994.

Questions 28-35

The text on pages 47 and 48 has seven sections, A-G.

Which section mentions the following?

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 28-35 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

28 why it was easy to recruit workers to build the bridge

29 a change in the design of the bridge

30 opposition to building the bridge

31 why a bridge was desirable

32 problems with raising funding for the bridge

33 permission being given to build the bridge

34 which records the bridge broke

35 the idea that building a bridge might be impossible

Questions 36-40

Complete the sentences below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 36–40 on your answer sheet.

36 Building the bridge required a……………………. issued by the Secretary of War.

37 One objection to building the bridge was that another………. would destroy it.

38 Construction was delayed when the framework was damaged by a ship and again by a ………

39 The last part of the bridge to be constructed was the ………

40 The bridge was first used by……….. in May 1937.

MODEL QUESTION 2 ANSWER

READING

Reading Section 1,

Questions 1-14

26 weeks
Six weeks
€112.75
39 weeks
Antenatal cllnics
Personal circumstances
Grants

1 TRUE

2 “FALSE

3 FALSE

4 NOT GIVEN

5 TRUE

Reading Section 3,

Questions 28-40

28 ii

29 viii

30 vii

31 ili

32 vi

33 A

34 B

35 D

36 C

37 B

38 insects

39 tomb

40 eruption

FALSE

7 C

8 E

9 A

10 B

11 E

12 D

13 D

14 B

Reading Section 2,

Questions 15-27

15 Hospitality Department

16 academic calendar

17 1(st) October

18 nominated contractor

19 permits

20 Concorde Building

IELTS GT books with Bengali translation

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